Effect of a partially chemically defined diet on normal human fecal flora

Attebery, Howard R.; Sutter, Vera L.; Finegold, Sydney M.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/25.12.1391

Cited by 129 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The composition of the flora was independent of the clinical condition as judged by the necessity of ileocaecal resection (Tables 2, 3 and 4) and was not significantly altered by the chemically defined diet (Table 8). The latter finding agrees with results in healthy subjects (Attebery, Suter & Finegold, 1972;Crowther et al 1973;Bounous & Devroede, 1974;Bornside & Cohn, 1975;Axelsson & Justesen, 1977). The sum of evidence, therefore, indicates that the flora of patients with terminal ileitis is stable and permanently abnormal.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The faecal flora of patients with Crohn's disease

Wensinck

1975

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The faecal flora of patients with Crohn's disease

Wensinck

1975

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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“…Interestingly, relationships among gut composition, diet, and geographic provenance have been observed for a long time (181,(186)(187)(188). Differences in fecal flora were observed among individuals living in Uganda and British individuals eating a Western diet (189).…”

Section: Culturomics: the Example Of Human Gut Microbiota Historicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Rebirth of Culture in Microbiology through the Example of Culturomics To Study Human Gut Microbiota

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY Bacterial culture was the first method used to describe the human microbiota, but this method is considered outdated by many researchers. Metagenomics studies have since been applied to clinical microbiology; however, a “dark matter” of prokaryotes, which corresponds to a hole in our knowledge and includes minority bacterial populations, is not elucidated by these studies. By replicating the natural environment, environmental microbiologists were the first to reduce the “great plate count anomaly,” which corresponds to the difference between microscopic and culture counts. The revolution in bacterial identification also allowed rapid progress. 16S rRNA bacterial identification allowed the accurate identification of new species. Mass spectrometry allowed the high-throughput identification of rare species and the detection of new species. By using these methods and by increasing the number of culture conditions, culturomics allowed the extension of the known human gut repertoire to levels equivalent to those of pyrosequencing. Finally, taxonogenomics strategies became an emerging method for describing new species, associating the genome sequence of the bacteria systematically. We provide a comprehensive review on these topics, demonstrating that both empirical and hypothesis-driven approaches will enable a rapid increase in the identification of the human prokaryote repertoire.

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“…However, many of these early studies report conflicting results, perhaps as a result of major methodological weaknesses, including small sample sizes, the additional use of enemas or laxatives and the reliance on traditional bacterial culture (Winitz et al 1970;Attebery et al 1972;Bornside & Cohn, 1975). Thus, more-recent studies have sought to accurately quantify the effects of an enteral formula on the colonic microbiota.…”

Section: Enteral Tube Feeding and The Colonic Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteral-tube-feeding diarrhoea: manipulating the colonic microbiota with probiotics and prebiotics

Whelan

2007

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Diarrhoea is a common and serious complication of enteral tube feeding. Its pathogenesis involves antibiotic prescription, enteropathogenic colonization and abnormal colonic responses, all of which involve an interaction with the colonic microbiota. Alterations in the colonic microbiota have been identified in patients receiving enteral tube feeding and these changes may be associated with the incidence of diarrhoea. Preventing negative alterations in the colonic microbiota has therefore been investigated as a method of reducing the incidence of diarrhoea. Probiotics and prebiotics may be effective because of their suppression of enteropathogenic colonization, stimulation of immune function and modulation of colonic metabolism. Randomized controlled trials of probiotics have produced contrasting results, althoughSaccharomyces boulardiihas been shown to reduce the incidence of diarrhoea in patients in the intensive care unit receiving enteral tube feeding. Prebiotic fructo-oligosaccharides have been shown to increase the concentration of faecal bifidobacteria in healthy subjects consuming enteral formula, although this finding has not yet been confirmed in patients receiving enteral tube feeding. Furthermore, there are no clinical trials investigating the effect of a prebiotic alone on the incidence of diarrhoea. Further trials of the efficacy of probiotics and prebiotics, alone and in combination, in preventing diarrhoea in this patient group are warranted.

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Effect of a partially chemically defined diet on normal human fecal flora

Cited by 129 publications

References 16 publications

The faecal flora of patients with Crohn's disease

The faecal flora of patients with Crohn's disease

The Rebirth of Culture in Microbiology through the Example of Culturomics To Study Human Gut Microbiota

Enteral-tube-feeding diarrhoea: manipulating the colonic microbiota with probiotics and prebiotics

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