Effect of a 2000-m running test on antioxidant and cytokine response in plasma and circulating cells

Abstract

Exercise intensity usually correlates with increased oxidative stress and enhanced cytokine production. However, it is unknown if all types of exercise that induce muscle damage can cause a parallel response in the oxidation balance and cytokine production. To this end, the effect of a 2000-m running test in a group of volunteers that regularly train in aerobic routines was studied. Different circulating parameters were measured, oxidative stress markers (protein carbonyls and malondialdehyde), antioxidant enzyme activity, and cytokine levels in plasma as well as in the main circulating cells of blood samples obtained in basal conditions and after test execution. As a result, the test caused muscle damage evidenced by an increase in circulating creatine kinase and myoglobin. This was accompanied by an increase in protein carbonyls in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reductase, superoxide dismutase) were elevated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, neutrophils, and erythrocytes after the test. Regarding cytokine production, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α exhibited no significant changes after the test. Results suggest that this short but intense running exercise (2000 m) can induce muscle damage and elicit a good balance between oxidant/antioxidant responses with no changes in the circulating concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Antioxidant Supplementation Modulates Neutrophil Inflammatory Response to Exercise-Induced Stress

“…However, in the present study, no significant differences in the expression of the studied cytokines were detected related to exercise performance after the 2000-m test. A similar result was observed in a previous study [20]. This could be due to the extremely short half-life of the messengers in plasma, or that their release did not coincide with the moment that the blood sample was extracted.…”

“…Certain stress situations that appear during intense sport performance are accompanied by increases in oxidative stress and inflammatory responses [1]. In a previous report [20], it was revealed that a 2000-m running test could be considered as a valid method to assess oxidative stress in individuals that are accustomed to train in aerobic routines. At the end of the test, the participants presented increased oxidative stress and muscle damage [20], confirming the results observed in other studies [21,22].…”

“…In a previous report [20], it was revealed that a 2000-m running test could be considered as a valid method to assess oxidative stress in individuals that are accustomed to train in aerobic routines. At the end of the test, the participants presented increased oxidative stress and muscle damage [20], confirming the results observed in other studies [21,22]. Conversely, in the AB group, no significant changes regarding oxidative markers were detected in neutrophils and plasma, confirming previous published data [25].…”

“…Blood cell counts were determined by an automatic hematology analyzer (Roche Diagnostics, Barcelona, Spain). Circulating glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, urea, creatinine, serum iron, ferritin, lactate and serum Na + and K + were determined as previously described [20]. Plasma proteins, such as CK, myoglobin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase/serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (AST/GOT), alanine aminotransferase/serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (ALT/GPT) and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were determined according to standard laboratory procedures as indicated in [23].…”

“…In a previous work [20], we reported that a 2000-m running test can be considered as a valid stress bout for people that are accustomed to train in aerobic routines. We consider that this test is more specific for runners than other ones, such as eccentric repetitions, jumping or downhill running, since it has a strong anaerobic component that causes oxidative and inflammatory stress [21,22].…”