Effect, Mechanism, and Applications of Coding/Non-coding RNA m6A Modification in Tumor Microenvironment

Abstract

The tumor microenvironment (TME), which includes immune cells, fibroblasts, and other components, is the site of tumor cell growth and metastasis and significantly impacts tumor development. Among them, N6-methyladenosine RNA modifications (m6A RNA modifications) are the most abundant internal modifications in coding and non-coding RNAs, which can significantly influence the cancer process and have potential as biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for tumor therapy. This manuscript reviews the role of m6A RNA modifications in TME and their application in tumor therapy. To some extent, an in-depth understanding of the relationship between TME and m6A RNA modifications will provide new approaches and ideas for future cancer therapy.

The Role of Cytoskeleton Protein 4.1 in Immunotherapy

“…Its expression directly affects the proliferation, invasion, and migration of tumor cells while enhancing the activity of immune cells and giving them an advantage [ 77 ]. Secondly, the tumor microenvironment serves as the site of tumor cell genesis and development, so improving the tumor microenvironment will affect the progression of tumor development [ 78 , 79 ]. Cytoskeleton protein 4.1 is a tumor metastasis suppressor, and there are multiple ways to restore or promote cytoskeleton protein 4.1 expression, including targeting partners that interact with cytoskeleton protein 4.1 [ 46 ].…”

Editorial: Tumor microenvironment in cancer hallmarks and therapeutics

“…Non-coding RNAs are dysregulated in tumor cells as well as stromal cells which provides a novel perspective for the regulation of TME components ( Di Agostino et al, 2022 ). Moreover, studies have shown that RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification plays a substantial role in TME diversity and complexity ( Li et al, 2021 ; Si et al, 2021 ).…”

“…m6A RNA modifications are reversible epigenetic RNA modifications that modulate splicing, degradation, and other biological processes of RNAs. m6A RNA modifications of non-coding RNA are associated with tumorigenesis, metastasis, and other tumor characteristics ( Li et al, 2021 ; Si et al, 2021 ). Specifically, Jing et al summarized the biological function, mechanism, and clinical significance of m6A RNA modifications in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) from a systematic perspective.…”

“…m6A RNA modifications are reversible epigenetic RNA modifications that modulate splicing, degradation, and other biological processes of RNAs. m6A RNA modifications of non-coding RNA are associated with tumorigenesis, metastasis, and other tumor characteristics (Li et al, 2021;Si et al, 2021)…”

N6-Methyladenosine RNA Modification in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment: Novel Implications for Immunotherapy

“…m 6 A plays critical roles in both the innate and adaptive immune responses and in tumor immunology, which provides important hints for developing various types of antitumor immunotherapies ( 22 , 31 ). m 6 A also plays a vital role in the complex regulatory network within the TIME, and subsequently affects tumor occurrence, progression, metastasis, and treatment response ( 39 – 42 ). Most of the anticancer immune regulations rely on overcoming the continuous suppression of the adaptive immune response within the TME ( 43 ).…”