Effect-Directed Analysis of Complex Environmental Contamination

Quantifying the contribution of dyes to the mutagenicity of waters under the influence of textile activities

“…If nitroaromatics or aromatic amines are contributing to the mutagenic response of the sample, an increase in the response with YG1041 in relation to its parental strain TA98, is expected. For nitroaromatics the increased response would be obtained without S9 and for aromatic amines, in the presence of S9 (Umbuzeiro et al, 2011). We tested six doses 0.07 to 40 ml equivalent/plate in duplicates.…”

“…Bioassays, such as the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay, produce an interesting response to a complex mixture evaluation without prior knowledge of the chemical sample composition (Claxton et al, 2004). Because the test can be performed with strains containing different mutation targets and metabolic capacities it allows the identification of several classes of mutagens which would not be identified by targeted chemical analysis (Umbuzeiro et al, 2011;Umbuzeiro et al, 2016). This assay is also considered an important bioanalytical tool and the responses can be linked to specific adverse outcome pathways when the ultimate goal is to protect the quality of the environment at the population level (Altenburger et al, 2015).…”

Ocorrência, genotoxicidade e risco ecotoxicológico de corantes no ambiente aquático

“…The diagnostic strain YG1041 (a derivative of TA98 that overproduces nitroreductase and O-acetyltransferase) was also included because of its high sensitivity to compounds containing nitro and amine groups (Hagiwara et al, 1993) often present in the effluent of textile plant that use or produce dyes (Freeman, 2013;Oliveira et al, 2006;Umbuzeiro et al, 2005b). If a marked increase in the YG1041 response is observed in relation to its parental TA98, this indicates that nitro-aromatics (response without S9) or aromatic amines (response with S9) are present in the sample (Umbuzeiro et al, 2011).…”

“…The Ames test has been used with strains that are very sensitive to the mutagenicity of azo dyes (Umbuzeiro et al, 2005a) and aromatic amines (Hagiwara et al, 1993). Differential mutagenicity in these strains indicates the possible presence of these substances in environmental samples (Umbuzeiro et al, 2011). However, this in vitro assay uses bacteria that have limited ecological relevance.…”

O uso do teste de Salmonella/microssoma empregando linhagens com diferentes sensibilidades para avaliar a mutagenicidade de água e material particulado suspenso

“…O ensaio Salmonella/microssoma tem sido muito utilizado no contexto atual devido à sua capacidade de identificar a atividade mutagênica em águas superficiais (Ohe et al, 2004), sedimentos (Chen and White, 2004) e águas para consumo humano (Xiao et al, 2017). Muitos autores destacam a utilização de diferentes linhagens e suas especificidades para indicar a presença das diferentes classes de compostos em uma mistura ambiental complexa Di Giorgio et al, 2011;Umbuzeiro and Machala, 2011).…”