2001
DOI: 10.1037/0096-1523.27.1.229
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Abstract: According to the authors' 2-phase model of action control, people first incidentally acquire bidirectional associations between motor patterns and movement-contingent events and then intentionally use these associations for goal-directed action. The authors tested the model in 4 experiments, each comprising an acquisition phase, in which participants experienced co-occurrences between left and right keypresses and low- and high-pitched tones, and a test phase, in which the tones preceded the responses in force… Show more

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Cited by 493 publications
(860 citation statements)
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References 28 publications
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“…This eye-tracking paradigm overcomes problems that arise due to underdeveloped motor abilities in infants (Verschoor et al, in press;Wang et al, 2012) and enabled us to administer a paradigm to infants conceptually identical to the original Elsner and Hommel (2001) paradigm. The paradigm uses eye movements as actions, which is appropriate since infants can accurately control their eye movements from at least 4 months of age (Scerif et al, 2005) and these can be considered voluntary goal-directed actions (Gredebäck & Melinder, 2010;Falck-Ytter, Gredebäck, & von Hofsten, 2006;Perra & Gattis, 2010;Senju & Csibra, 2008;).…”
Section: Experimental Approachmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…This eye-tracking paradigm overcomes problems that arise due to underdeveloped motor abilities in infants (Verschoor et al, in press;Wang et al, 2012) and enabled us to administer a paradigm to infants conceptually identical to the original Elsner and Hommel (2001) paradigm. The paradigm uses eye movements as actions, which is appropriate since infants can accurately control their eye movements from at least 4 months of age (Scerif et al, 2005) and these can be considered voluntary goal-directed actions (Gredebäck & Melinder, 2010;Falck-Ytter, Gredebäck, & von Hofsten, 2006;Perra & Gattis, 2010;Senju & Csibra, 2008;).…”
Section: Experimental Approachmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Whereas forced-and free-choice reaction time, and manual-response frequency (e.g., Elsner & Hommel, 2001) are reliable indicators in adults, choice errors in forced-choice versions of the task are more sensitive to pick up congruency effects in children (Eenshuistra et al, 2004;Verschoor, Eenshuistra, Kray, Biro & Hommel, 2012). In infants, reaction time is a sensitive measure in free-choice versions of the task (the only version that infants can handle ;Verschoor et al, 2010;Verschoor et al, in press), while response frequency reliably diagnoses congruency effects in older infants (from 18 months of age, only in manual versions of the task; see Verschoor et al, 2010).…”
Section: Test Phasementioning
confidence: 99%
“…by the developmental two-stage model of intentional agency from Hommel and colleagues (for review see Hommel & Elsner, in press): On this first level, non goal-orientated reflexive movements are performed and the simultaneously occurring sensory events are simply explored. If certain movements and sensory events occur often together and the movements are performed over and over again, simple learning mechanisms cause an action-effect association learning (Elsner & Hommel, 2001). For example, 2-month-old infants can modulate their oral activity (sucking on a dummy pacifier) to increase the optical clarity of a film presented to them or to control the pitch variation of a sound (Rochat & Striano, 1999).…”
Section: Neurocognitive Mechanismmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Rather, it seems that attending the effects and temporal overlap of code activation suffices in order to integrate action and effect representations in a bidirectional connection (cf. also Elsner & Hommel, 2001.…”
Section: The Latent Formation Of Behaviorally Induced Effect Anticipamentioning
confidence: 99%