EFEITO ALELOPÁTICO DE EXTRATOS AQUOSOS DE Prosopis juliflora (SW.) D.C. NA EMERGÊNCIA E NO CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE PLÂNTULAS DE Mimosa tenuiflora (WILLD.) POIRET

Abstract

Os efeitos da liberação de aleloquímicos de uma espécie sobre outra podem resultar em danos ecológicos aos ecossistemas, como a facilitação de estabilização e povoamento de espécies invasoras. Com este trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos alelopáticos de partes vegetais da algaroba, espécie invasora, sobre a emergência e o crescimento inicial de plântulas de jurema-preta, espécie nativa da Caatinga. Prepararam-se extratos aquosos de folhas, cascas e raízes da algaroba, usando 125 g de material vegetal para cada 500 mL de água destilada, nas concentrações 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%. Foram utilizados tubetes de 55 cm3 preenchidos com solo. Distribuíram-se os tratamentos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com quatro repetições, cada uma com cinco tubetes. Avaliaram-se a porcentagem de emergência, altura, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas e peso seco de folhas, caule, raiz, parte aérea e total. A exceção do extrato de casca a 100% no peso seco total, todos os extratos causaram efeitos deletérios a emergência e plântulas de jurema-preta, sendo o extrato de raiz a 100%, o responsável pela maior redução na porcentagem de emergência, 33%, em compração com o tratamento controle.Palavra-chave: alelopatia, algaroba, invasão biológica, jurema-preta, semiárido. ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF Prosopis juliflora (SW.) DC IN THE EMERGENCE AND INITIAL GROWTH OF Mimosa tenuiflora (WILLD.) Poiret SEEDLINGS ABSTRACT:The effects of allelochemicals release of one species over another may result in ecological damage to ecosystems, such as facilitating the stabilization and settlement of invasive species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the allelopathic potential of different plant parts of Prosopis juliflora, invasive species, emergence and early growth of Mimosa tenuiflora, native species of Caatinga. The aqueous extracts of leaves, barks and roots from the algaroba were prepared at a ratio of 125 g of plant material to 500 ml of distilled water, diluted at concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%. For emergence and early growth, tubes were used in 55 cm3, with application of the extracts every 15 days. The treatments were also distributed in DIC, with four replications and five tubes by repetition. We evaluated the percentage of emergence, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, dry weight of leaves, stem, root, aerial and total parts. With the exception of 100% bark extract on the total dry weight of all the extracts caused deleterious effects the emergence and seedling jurema-preta, being the extract of root to 100%, responsible for the greater reduction in the percentage of emergency, 33%, in purchase with the control treatment.Keywords: allelopathy, algaroba, biological invasion, jurema-preta, semiarid. DOI:

Does the presence of exotic species decrease the initial development of native species in Brazilian seasonally dry tropical forests?

“…Note: *Significant correlation at 0.05; **Significant correlation at 0.01. with the exotic species. Virginia & Jodie (2005) described similar results; they observed that individuals of the native species Nassella pulchra showed smaller root sizes and lower dry matter when exposed to the exotic invasive Cynara cardunculus, Costa & Freire (2018) concluded that the root dry weight of M. tenuiflora seedlings decreased with the increase in the concentration of P. juliflora extracts in the tubes where they planted native plants. Pérez-Harguindeguy et al (2016) highlighted that the development of the primary root, whether in mass or extension, helps capture water and nutrients from the soil.…”

“…The reduction in height and diameter found here was also observed in other studies. Costa & Freire (2018), for example, studied the development of Mimosa tenuiflora, putting it to germinate in tubes enriched with an extract made with parts of the exotic species Prosopis juliflora. The authors noticed that the extract caused a reduction in the diameter and height of native plants.…”

“…A biological invasion event occurs when a species multiplies uncontrollably in a community to the point of changing its structure, composition, and functioning (Costa & Freire 2018). However, the possibility of a species becoming invasive depends on its characteristics and the environment where it is inserted (Bourg et al 2017;Lyseng et al 2018;Martinez & Manzano-Garcia 2019;Leclerc et al 2020).…”

Allelopathic effect of <i>Azadirachta</i> indica fresh leaves on the germination of native plants in the Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest

“…; Hartmann et al (2017) [30] observed the effect of the exotic Brachiaria brizantha Stapf (palisade grass) on Parapiptadenia rigida (Benth.) Brenan; lastly, Costa and Freire (2018) [31] investigated the extract effect of the exotic Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. (mesquite) on Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.)…”