Edge localized mode physics and operational aspects in tokamaks

Bécoulet, M.; Huysmans, G.; Sarazin, Y.; Garbet, X.; Ghendrih, Ph.; Rimini, F.; Joffrin, E.; Litaudon, X.; Monier‐Garbet, P.; Ané, J.M.; Thomas, Paul R.; Grosman, A.; Parail, V.; Wilson, H. R.; Lomas, P. J.; Vries, P. de; Zastrow, K.‐D.; Matthews, G. F.; Lönnroth, J.; Gerasimov, S.; Sharapov, S. E.; Gryaznevich, M.; Counsell, G.; Kirk, A.; Valovič, M.; Buttery, R. J.; Loarte, A.; Saibene, G.; Sartori, R.; Leonard, A.W.; Snyder, P. B.; Lao, L. L.; Gohil, P.; Evans, T.E.; Moyer, R. A.; Kamada, Y.; Chankin, A.; Oyama, N.; Hatae, T.; Asakura, N.; Tudisco, O.; Giovannozzi, E.; Crisanti, F.; Perez, C. P.; Koslowski, H. R.; Eich, T.; Sips, A. C. C.; Horton, L. D.; Hermann, Aymeric; Lang, P. T.; Stöber, J.; Suttrop, W.; Beyer, Peter; Saarelma, S.; Workprogramme, Contributors to Jet-Efda

doi:10.1088/0741-3335/45/12a/007

Cited by 88 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(171 reference statements)

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“…The steep gradients related to the edge transport barrier in tokamak H-mode plasmas facilitate the growth of edge localised modes (ELMs) involving repetitive eruption of particles and energy [1][2][3]. The largest and most vehement of such events, classified as "Type-I" ELMs, are commonly associated with the onset of ideal or peeling ballooning modes in edge pedestals [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ergodicity of gyrofluid edge localized ideal ballooning modes

Peer

Kendl

Scott

2012

Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion

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The magnetic field structure associated with edge localised ideal ballooning mode (ELM) bursts is analysed by nonlinear gyrofluid computation. The linear growth phase is characterised by the formation of small scale magnetic islands. Ergodic magnetic field regions develop near the end of the linear phase when the instability starts to perturb the equilibrium profiles. The nonlinear blow-out gives rise to an ergodisation of the entire edge region. The time-dependent level of ergodicity is determined in terms of the mean radial displacement of a magnetic field line. The ergodicity decreases again during the nonlinear turbulent phase of the blow-out in dependence on the degrading plasma beta in the collapsing plasma pedestal profile. This is a preprint version of an article published in:Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 55, 015002 (2013).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ergodicity of gyrofluid edge localized ideal ballooning modes

Peer

Kendl

Scott

2012

Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion

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“…Edge localised modes (ELMs) are quasi-periodic eruptions from the edge of H mode plasmas [19][20][21]. The ELM burst leads to enhanced transport and of heat and particles into the open scrape-off layer field line region and on to the divertor plates [22].…”

Section: Zonal Flows and The H-modementioning

confidence: 99%

The long hot summer of the tokamak

Kendl¹

2012

AIP Conference Proceedings

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What have the probability for fine weather in summer and the possibility for a future use of nuclear fusion as a practically unlimited and clean energy source got in common? The answer is in the particular nature underlying both physical systems: both the atmosphere and hot magnetized fusion plasmas are determined by similar processes of structure formation in quasi-two-dimensional periodic nonlinear dynamical systems. Self-organization of waves and vortices on small scales in both cases leads to large-scale flows, which are, depending on conditions, either stable for a long time - or can break apart intermittently and expel large vortex structures. In the case of earth's atmosphere, a potential stabilization of the polar jet stream over northern Europe by warming in early summer leads to a high probability for stable hot midsummer weather in central Europe. The efficient utilization of nuclear fusion in a power plant also depends if a stabilization of such zonal flows ("H mode") may be sustained by heating of the plasma. However, instabilities may ruin by rain European summer holidays ("icelandic lows"), as well as lead to tempestuous eruptions ("ELMs") of energy and particles from the edge of a fusion plasma onto the walls of the reactor. In the latter case, this could cause strong erosion of the wall materials and thus an unefficient operation of a future fusion power plant. Plasma physicists are - similar to meteorologists - therefore interested in accurate predictions of these strongly nonlinear dynamical processes.Comment: This is the preprint version of a manuscript accepted for AIP Conf. Proc. 1445 (2012): Joint ITER-IAEA-ICTP Advanced Workshop on Fusion and Plasma Physics (Trieste, Italy, 3.-14.10.2011

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“…1 ELMs can appear in the high confinement mode ͑H-mode͒ discharges, and are often invoked as a mechanism to exhaust unwanted impurities from the edge of the plasma into the scrape off layer ͑SOL͒ and divertor region. Along with the ejection of impurity particles, the intermittent ELMs also cause the release of plasma stored energy which can range from Ͻ1% to several % of the plasma total stored energy, W tot .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between edge localized mode severity and electron transport in the National Spherical Torus Experiment

Tritz¹,

Kaye²,

Maingi³

et al. 2008

Physics of Plasmas

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In the National Spherical Torus Experiment [J. Menard et al., Nucl. Fusion 47, S645 (2007)], “giant” edge localized modes (ELMs) can occur resulting in a loss of plasma stored energy of up to 30%. These events are distinct from type I ELMs, whose energy loss is typically 4–10%, and they are accompanied by a cold pulse that causes a global decrease in the electron temperature profile. Estimates of the electron thermal transport during the cold pulses show a large enhancement over the underlying cross-field thermal diffusivity, χe, of up to several tens of m2∕s. Following the ELM, short-wavelength fluctuations increase in the plasma edge and core, corresponding to an increase in the electron temperature gradient from the propagating cold pulse. Fast electron temperature measurements indicate that the normalized electron temperature scale length, R∕LTe, reaches the threshold value for instability predicted by a fit to linear stability calculations. This is observed on time scales that match the growth of the high-k fluctuations in the plasma core, indicating that the enhanced χe and energy loss from the “giant” ELM appears to be related to critical gradient physics and the destabilization of electron temperature gradient modes.

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Edge localized mode physics and operational aspects in tokamaks

Cited by 88 publications

References 63 publications

Ergodicity of gyrofluid edge localized ideal ballooning modes

Ergodicity of gyrofluid edge localized ideal ballooning modes

The long hot summer of the tokamak

Relationship between edge localized mode severity and electron transport in the National Spherical Torus Experiment

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