Ecotoxicological Tests as a Tool to Assess the Quality of the Soil

Clasen, Bárbara; Lisbôa, Roberta de Moura

doi:10.5772/intechopen.82192

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Ecotoxicity tests are rapid tests commonly used to determine the impact of contaminants on living organisms (Clasen and Lisbôa 2019 ). The obtained data on ecotoxicity revealed that the formation of one or more metabolites could induce acute toxicity despite a significant reduction in parent compound concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthracene detoxification by Laccases from indigenous fungal strains Trichoderma lixii FLU1 and Talaromyces pinophilus FLU12

Egbewale,

Kumar,

Olasehinde

et al. 2024

Biodegradation

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The persistence and ubiquity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the environment necessitate effective remediation strategies. Hence, this study investigated the potential of purified Laccases, TlFLU1L and TpFLU12L, from two indigenous fungi Trichoderma lixii FLU1 (TlFLU1) and Talaromyces pinophilus FLU12 (TpFLU12), respectively for the oxidation and detoxification of anthracene. Anthracene was degraded with vmax values of 3.51 ± 0.06 mg/L/h and 3.44 ± 0.06 mg/L/h, and Km values of 173.2 ± 0.06 mg/L and 73.3 ± 0.07 mg/L by TlFLU1L and TpFLU12L, respectively. The addition of a mediator compound 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) to the reaction system significantly increased the degradation of anthracene, with up to a 2.9-fold increase in vmax value and up to threefold decrease in Km values of TlFLU1L and TpFLU12L. The GC–MS analysis of the metabolites suggests that anthracene degradation follows one new pathway unique to the ABTS system—hydroxylation and carboxylation of C-1 and C-2 position of anthracene to form 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, before undergoing dioxygenation and side chain removal to form chromone which was later converted into benzoic acid and CO2. This pathway contrasts with the common dioxygenation route observed in the free Laccase system, which is observed in the second degradation pathways. Furthermore, toxicity tests using V. parahaemolyticus and HT-22 cells, respectively, demonstrated the non-toxic nature of Laccase-ABTS-mediated metabolites. Intriguingly, analysis of the expression level of Alzheimer’s related genes in HT-22 cells exposed to degradation products revealed no induction of neurotoxicity unlike untreated cells. These findings propose a paradigm shift for bioremediation by highlighting the Laccase-ABTS system as a promising green technology due to its efficiency with the discovery of a potentially less harmful degradation pathway, and the production of non-toxic metabolites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthracene detoxification by Laccases from indigenous fungal strains Trichoderma lixii FLU1 and Talaromyces pinophilus FLU12

Egbewale,

Kumar,

Olasehinde

et al. 2024

Biodegradation

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“…In order to predict how substances impact on soil-dwelling organisms, and the potential damage to soil ecosystems [102], special toxicity studies on representative terrestrial organisms can be carried out. Edaphic organisms are the most widely used biomodel to evaluate the quality of soil; they are important because of their functions in decomposition, cycling, and regularization of nutrients in biological systems [103,104].…”

Section: Terrestrial Biomodelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several papers show the toxicity of organic pollutants [103,104], domestic effluents [105], hydrocarbons [106], solvents from biomass [25], and heavy metals [107] in terrestrial environments. However, no existing literature on terrestrial toxicity has been found.…”

Section: Terrestrial Biomodelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Eutectic Solvents: Are They Safe?

et al. 2021

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Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a relatively new type of solvent that have attracted the attention of the scientific community due to their environmentally friendly properties and their versatility in many applications. Many possible DESs have been described and, thus, it is not easy to unequivocally characterize and generalize their properties. This is especially important in the case of the (eco)toxicity information that can be found for these mixtures. In this review, we collect data on the human and environmental toxicity of DESs, with the aim of gathering and exploring the behavioral patterns of DESs. The toxicity data found were analyzed attending to different factors: hydrogen bond donors or acceptors that form part of the eutectic mixture, pH, and the presence of organic acids in the DES molar ratio of the components, or interactions with natural compounds. In the case of ecotoxicity, results generally depend on the biomodel studied, along with other factors that have been also revised. Finally, we also carried out a revision of the biodegradation of DESs.

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“…According to the World Bank Report [1], the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated across South Asia, Latin America, and Sub-Saharan Africa will double or triple by the year 2050, making up 35% of the global MSW. MSW is among several human activities that have exposed the environment to many toxic substances [2], causing the various degree through robust parameters such as contamination factors (CF), geo-accumulation indexes (Igeo), and enrichment factors (EF) [31]. Similarly, human health risk is assessed through cancer risk (CR) and hazard index (HI) parameters as a means to ascertain the possible carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks to humans, respectively [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and Environmental Risk Assessment of Toxic Metals and Metalloids Burdened Soil Due to Anthropogenic Influence

O¹,

Elekwachi²,

C³

et al. 2022

J Toxicol Risk Assess

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Landfill area is one of developing countries' most common anthropogenically contaminated sites. The pressure of urbanization has led to increased waste generation in major cities, commonly deposited in landfills; hence, heavy metals contaminations are closer to the human environment than ever. The study assessed the environmental risk of Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn), Copper (Cu), Colbat (Co), Cranium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), and Lead (Pb) in an abandoned landfill system and health-related risk using United State Environmental Protection Agency model. The Concentration of the elements descended as follows; Mn > Zn > Cr > Pb > Cu > Ni > Co > As > Cd and exceeded the WHO permissible limit. The Enrichment factor (EF) and potential ecological risk (ER) indicated no enrichment and low risk for all the elements except Cd (3.67, 426), with moderate enrichment and very high ecological risk. The hazard index (HI) value of the elements indicated no significant risk of non-carcinogenic effect for both Adults and Children except for Mn in Children with a value of 1.69 × 100; however, the HI value of the elements descended as; Co > Mn > Zn > As > Cd > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cr for adult and Mn > Cd > Co > Cr > As > Zn > Pb > Cu > Ni for children. The total carcinogenic risk (TCR) value of the toxic metals descended as Ni > Cd > Cr > As > Pb for both adults and Children, while the metals showed no carcinogenic to acceptable risk to humans. The PCA indicated that the source and distribution of the elements are lithogenic and anthropogenic influences. Engaging the environment through sustainable practices will ensure efficient waste disposal and management.

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Ecotoxicological Tests as a Tool to Assess the Quality of the Soil

Cited by 6 publications

References 64 publications

Anthracene detoxification by Laccases from indigenous fungal strains Trichoderma lixii FLU1 and Talaromyces pinophilus FLU12

Anthracene detoxification by Laccases from indigenous fungal strains Trichoderma lixii FLU1 and Talaromyces pinophilus FLU12

Deep Eutectic Solvents: Are They Safe?

Health and Environmental Risk Assessment of Toxic Metals and Metalloids Burdened Soil Due to Anthropogenic Influence

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