Economic impact of Turnip mosaic virus, Cauliflower mosaic virus and Beet mosaic virus in three Kenyan vegetables

Spence, Nicola; Phiri, Noah; Hughes, S. L.; Mwaniki, A.; Simons, S. A.; Oduor, G.I.; Chacha, Duncan; Kuria, A.; Ndirangu, S.; Kibata, G. N.; Marris, G. C.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2006.01498.x

Cited by 59 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Isolate of central Asia BtMV-K had a different host range from European and American isolates [7]. Recently, greenhouse experiments conducted in Kenya showed that early inoculation of Swiss chard with BtMV significantly impaired leaf quality (50% reduction in marketable leaf production), and the impact of disease was greatest in plants that had been inoculated at maturity [8].…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of two Chinese isolates of Beet mosaic virus

Xiang

Han

et al. 2007

Virus Genes

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The complete genomic sequences of Beet mosaic virus Xinjiang (BtMV-XJ) and Inner Mongolia (BtMV-IM) isolates from China were determined and compared with US and German isolates, reported previously. Results showed that viral genome of the two isolates both comprise 9,591 nucleotides, and contain the large single open reading frame (ORF) encoding a single polyprotein of 3,085 amino acid residues, from which ten putative functional proteins may be produced by autolytic cleavage processing as the US (BtMV-Wa) and German (BtMV-G) isolates. Sequence comparisons showed that BtMV-XJ shared 89.8% and 98.3% overall nucleotide identity with BtMV-Wa and BtMV-G isolates, and BtMV-IM exhibited the overall identities of 91.6% and 93.8% with BtMV-Wa and BtMV-G, respectively. Further, analyses revealed that BtMV-XJ shared higher identities in almost every region to BtMV-G than to BtMV-Wa both at the nucleotide and the amino acid levels. While BtMV-IM in the regions (6,666-7,671 and 7,672-9,591) showed highest homology with BtMV-XJ and BtMV-G, especially, after nt 7,672 with similarity up to 99.2% with BtMV-G; the region (2,331-4,083) showed highest identity (98.0% nt identity) with BtMV-Wa. That suggested BtMV-XJ had a more close relationship to BtMV-G, while BtMV-IM was more likely to be a natural recombination virus. In addition, phylogenetic analysis of the available BtMV CP sequences showed that BtMV isolates fell into two distinct groups: Euroasia group (Europe and China) and America group (USA). To the best of our knowledge, this study reported the complete sequences of two BtMV isolates from Asia for the first time.

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confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of two Chinese isolates of Beet mosaic virus

Xiang

Han

et al. 2007

Virus Genes

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“…One such virus is TuMV, a common aphid vectored virus that can cause symptoms of leaf mosaic, necrosis, chlorotic mottle and severe distortion, as well as reductions in plant biomass (Spence et al . ). Importantly, TuMV has been known to reduce the fitness of wild brassicas by reducing biomass, fecundity and survival (Maskell et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Consequences of interspecific hybridization and virus infection on the growth and fecundity of three threatened coastalLepidium(Brassicaceae) species fromNewZealand

et al. 2015

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Lepidium castellanum, L. juvencum and L. oleraceum are threatened coastal cresses endemic to New Zealand. These three species were selfed and interspecific hybrids generated for examination of hybrid fitness and inbreeding depression. In controlled glasshouse experiments, the interspecific hybrids and selfed progeny were inoculated with a strain of the introduced Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) previously isolated from wild populations of L. aegrum. Experiments tested the hypothesis that heterosis in the interspecific hybrids provides a gain in TuMV resistance in comparison to selfed plants. We show that interspecific hybrids of three genetically distinct species of Lepidium increased plant performance and reduced susceptibility to the effects of the TuMV. We suggest that interspecific hybridization could be implemented as a conservation management strategy and that a broader outlook may be required to mitigate the negative impacts of introduced pathogens on threatened species.

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“…Cauliflower mosaic caulimovirus (CaMV) has a double-stranded DNA genome and is frequently found in mixed infections with the ssRNA turnip mosaic potyvirus (TuMV), particularly in plants of the genus Brassica (Spak & Novikov, 1994;Raybould et al, 1999), which may or may not lead to symptom synergism (Hunter et al, 2002;Spence et al, 2007). Strikingly, in Brassica perviridis, CaMV suppresses TuMV accumulation (Kamei et al, 1969), probably reflecting host and/or virus strain influence in the dynamic of the mixed infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of game theory to the interaction between plant viruses during mixed infections

Martin

Elena

2009

Journal of General Virology

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Natural mixed infections of plant viruses are frequent, often leading to unpredictable variations in symptoms, infectivity, accumulation and/or vector transmissibility. Cauliflower mosaic caulimovirus (CaMV) has often been found in mixed infections with turnip mosaic potyvirus (TuMV) in plants of the genus Brassica. This study addressed the effect of mixed infection on infectivity, pathogenicity and accumulation of CaMV and TuMV in Arabidopsis thaliana plants inoculated mechanically with cDNA infectious clones. In singly infected plants, TuMV accumulation was approximately 8-fold higher than that of CaMV. In co-infected plants, there was 77 % more TuMV accumulation compared with single infections, whilst the accumulation of CaMV was 56 % lower. This outcome describes a biological game in which TuMV always plays the winner strategy, leading to the competitive exclusion of CaMV. However, the infectivity of each virus was not affected by the presence of the other, and no symptom synergism was observed. INTRODUCTIONInfection of plants by two or more viruses is frequent in nature (Matthews, 1991) and has variable consequences, ranging from symptom amelioration to synergistic exacerbation (Hammond et al., 1999). Mixed infections can also modify viral traits such as host range (Guerini & Murphy, 1999;Hacker & Fowler, 2000;García-Cano et al., 2006), transmission rate (Rochow, 1970;Kuhn & Dawson, 1973;Wintermantel et al., 2008), cellular tropism (Wege & Siegmund, 2007) and titre. Most studies have focused on synergistic diseases caused by two single-stranded (ss) DNA or ssRNA viruses, particularly by a member of the genus Potyvirus and another ssRNA virus. In most instances, the titre of the non-potyvirus increases, whilst that of the potyvirus is not altered (Wang et al., 2002;Murphy & Bowen, 2006;Taiwo et al., 2007). This enhancement has been explained by potyvirus HC-Promediated RNA-silencing suppression (Pruss et al., 1997). Nevertheless, these interactions do not always produce synergistic diseases (Wang et al., 2004;Untiveros et al., 2007) and, depending on the particular combination of virus species, accumulation of the counterpart virus may also decrease (Kokkinos & Clark, 2006).Interactions between DNA and RNA viruses have received less attention, but they also have unpredictable results depending on the species or strains involved (Hii et al., 2002;Kokkinos, 2006;Pohl & Wege, 2007;Wege & Siegmund, 2007). Cauliflower mosaic caulimovirus (CaMV) has a double-stranded DNA genome and is frequently found in mixed infections with the ssRNA turnip mosaic potyvirus (TuMV), particularly in plants of the genus Brassica (Spak & Novikov, 1994;Raybould et al., 1999), which may or may not lead to symptom synergism (Hunter et al., 2002;Spence et al., 2007). Strikingly, in Brassica perviridis, CaMV suppresses TuMV accumulation (Kamei et al., 1969), probably reflecting host and/or virus strain influence in the dynamic of the mixed infection.In mixed infections, each viral population changes the environment and becomes part of t...

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Economic impact of Turnip mosaic virus, Cauliflower mosaic virus and Beet mosaic virus in three Kenyan vegetables

Cited by 59 publications

References 16 publications

Molecular characterization of two Chinese isolates of Beet mosaic virus

Molecular characterization of two Chinese isolates of Beet mosaic virus

Consequences of interspecific hybridization and virus infection on the growth and fecundity of three threatened coastalLepidium(Brassicaceae) species fromNewZealand

Application of game theory to the interaction between plant viruses during mixed infections

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