Economic Development, Rural livelihoods, and Ecological Restoration: Evidence from China

Wang, Chengchao; Yang, Yusheng; Zhang, Yaoqi

doi:10.1007/s13280-010-0093-5

Cited by 78 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In many poor countries where their economies are depended on agriculture, less than 60 % from the total poor people are women, where they are depended on agriculture for living (Markus, 1994;Danida, 2008;Wang et al, 2011). Village women are responsible for 60-80% food production in developing countries, although female farmer are often neglected in policy and agriculture development strategy (Purwantoro & Mustofa, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development Model of Woman Empowerment in Order to Increase Family’s Food Tenacity

Yuniriyanti

Sudarwati

2017

JESP

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This research is conducted with the intention to find the design of women empowerment role model in the attempt of increasing family food security. This finding will be utilized as the basic development plan which related to the efforts of achieving the family food security on the basis of local wisdom. By applying the questionnaire survey method, questionnaire will be analyzed by the descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, and crosstab analysis. The result of research shows that the attempt of family food security in the highest priority is to divert or to switch the staple food from rice to the other type of cheaper staple food (for instance corn). This a very common condition as the most easily found and bought staple food, to substitute rice, is corn. Meanwhile the most consumed side dishes in our society are the soybean cake (tempe) and tofu (tahu), while chicken and other meats are the less consumable side dishes in our society. For vegetable, Spinach is the most consumed vegetable as this species is easy to be planted around the house/yard. Based on the pre-set criteria, the condition of family food security in the research locations are 16% in secured level and the rest, 84%, is in insecured level.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development Model of Woman Empowerment in Order to Increase Family’s Food Tenacity

Yuniriyanti

Sudarwati

2017

JESP

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“…Poor farmers cannot afford to invest in expensive gully control, and rich farmers are not willing to adopt them in the long run and at larger spatial scales because these measures could not produce acceptable profits [2]. Meanwhile, famers' dependence on agricultural land has gradually decreased and off-farm income has become the primary income source due to poor agricultural economic profits in the study area [18]. The price boom of forestland will not happen in the near future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Poverty resulted from soil erosion leads to further ecological degradation and, ultimately, forms a vicious circle known as the ''poverty-environment trap'' in these environmentally fragile regions [18,31]. Environmental goals cannot always be achieved in the long term without economic development, which supplies sustainable livelihoods to the participants of the projects [2,32,33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As for land-use types, according to the published data of the Land and Resources Bureau of Changting County, cropland, orchard and forestland, grassland and other farmland, construction land, and other land accounted for 9.48%, 82.54%, 2.67%, 2.08%, and 3.23%, respectively, in 2005. It is also characterized by a humid, subtropical monsoon climate with high mean precipitation (1730 mm yr −1 ) and warm annual temperatures (a mean of 18.3 °C), and it is primarily covered by loose granite red soils [18]. Historically, it was covered by abundant vegetation and had little soil erosion.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Historically, it was covered by abundant vegetation and had little soil erosion. However, human activities have increased the intensity and scale of gully erosion, leading to serious collapsed gully erosion in the past half century [5,18]. Changing County has gradually become a typical region of collapsed gully erosion with large areas, serious erosion intensities, and severe damage to local livelihood in China [19,20].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is the “Ecological and Economic Approach for the Restoration of Collapsed Gullies” in Southern China Really Economic?

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2015

Sustainability

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Collapsed gully erosion constantly plagues the sustainability of rural areas in China. To control collapsed gully erosion, an ecological and economic approach, which uses tree plantation to gain economic benefits and control soil erosion, has been widely applied by local governments in Southern China. However, little is known about the economic feasibility of this new method. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness and economic benefits of the new method. Based on a case study in Changting County, Southeast China, two farms were selected to represent a timber tree plantation and a fruit tree plantation, respectively. The Annual Capital Capitalization Method and Return on Investment (ROI) were selected to conduct cost-benefit analysis. In contrast to previous studies, we found that the new approach was far from economic. The value of the newly-built forestland in Sanzhou Village and Tufang Village is 2738 RMB ha , respectively, which are extremely lower than the costs of ecological restoration. Meanwhile, the annual ROI is −3.60% and −8.90%, respectively, which is negative and also far poorer than the average value of forestry in China. The costs of conservation were substantially over the related economic benefits, and the investors would suffer from greater loss if they invested more in the conservation. Low-cost terraces with timber trees had less economic loss compared with the costly terraces with fruit tree plantation. Moreover, the cost efficiency of the new approaches in soil conservation was OPEN ACCESSSustainability 2015, 7 10309 also greatly poorer than the conventional method. The costs of conserving one ton soil per year for conventional method, new method for planting timber trees, and planting fruit trees were 164 RMB, 696 RMB, and 11,664 RMB, respectively. Therefore, the new collapsed gully erosion control methods are uneconomic and unsuitable to be widely carried out in China in the near future.

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Water and Soil Conservation from the Perspective of Stakeholders: Evidence from China and Policy Implications

Cheng

Zhang

et al. 2013

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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Water and soil conservation is an important measure of ecological restoration in China. However, its success was elusive and often compromised the impoverished people who need to be protected most. Taking Changting County in southeast China as an empirical case, and within the framework of stakeholders, i.e. the government, the farmer, the business enterprise, and the non‐government organizations, this article explored the benefits to the multiple stakeholders in the progress of water and soil conservation. The results show that all stakeholders played various but important roles and their benefit changes from period to period. It was demonstrated that the different roles, pursuits for the ecological or economic benefits directly and largely drive and affect the consequence of water and soil conservation in Changting. The benefit and cost of multiple stakeholders should be identified in a meaningful way and balanced. It is important to improve the livelihoods of the farmer, in particular the impoverished farmer who are heavily dependent on the environment and most affected by the projects. This study demonstrates a new perspective for exploring the relationship between ecological restoration and poverty alleviation, and is conducive to understand the internal mechanisms and provides some general implications for similar areas in developing countries.

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Economic Development, Rural livelihoods, and Ecological Restoration: Evidence from China

Cited by 78 publications

References 24 publications

The Development Model of Woman Empowerment in Order to Increase Family’s Food Tenacity

The Development Model of Woman Empowerment in Order to Increase Family’s Food Tenacity

Is the “Ecological and Economic Approach for the Restoration of Collapsed Gullies” in Southern China Really Economic?

Water and Soil Conservation from the Perspective of Stakeholders: Evidence from China and Policy Implications

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