Economic Crisis, Income Gaps, Uncertainty, and Inter-regional Migration Responses: Kazakhstan 2000–2014

An, Galina; Becker, Charles; Cheng, Enoch

doi:10.1080/00220388.2016.1257118

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This pattern, while not universal, generally aligns with those observed in several other migration origin settings (e.g., Cairns 2012; Chort and de la Rupelle 2016; Naudé 2010). In comparison, echoing the evidence on internal migration response to economic downturns in more developed contexts (Cooke 2013;Ferrie 2003;Rosenbloom and Sundstrom 2004), including Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan's more prosperous northern neighbor (An et al 2017), the internal migration risks registered a decrease, however modest, at the peak of the impact of the global crisis. At the same time, the analysis did not reveal any clear association between the political turmoil of 2005 or 2010 and internal or international migration risks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Economic Swings, Political Instability and Migration in Kyrgyzstan

Agadjanian

Gorina

2018

Eur J Population

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Individual-level migration responses to economic fluctuations and political instability remain poorly understood. Using nationally representative survey data from Kyrgyzstan, we look at variations in levels and propensities of internal and temporary international migration and relate them to changes in the economic and political environment in that Central Asian nation in the first decade of the century. A multinomial event history model predicting yearly risks of both types of migration detects no clear association of internal migration risks with episodes of heightened political instability but shows a decrease in those risks in response to the strongest economic shock of the observation period. In comparison, international migration risks, while also insensitive to political turmoil, appear to increase at the time of the most pronounced economic downturn. The results also point to instructive patterns in migration propensities by type of area of residence, education, gender, and ethnicity. These findings are interpreted in light of complex intersections of demography with politics, economy, and culture in this transitional Eurasian setting.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Economic downturns have been historically associated with decrease in internal migration (e.g., An et al 2017;Cooke 2013;Ferrie 2003;Rosenbloom and Sundstrom 2004). The effects of economic crises on international migration have been less straightforward (Fix et al 2009;Rendall et al 2011).…”

Section: The Effects Of Economic and Political Fluctuations On Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Swings, Political Instability and Migration in Kyrgyzstan

Agadjanian

Gorina

2018

Eur J Population

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“…Public investment in urban public goods could not keep pace, however, with the rising urban population and Kazakh policy makers became very concerned about negative side effects of the migrant influx into major cities, i.e. into Nursultan and Almaty (An et al 2017). Thus, the City Planning Department of Nursultan, for instance, started to more tightly control construction planning, to ration the designation of building land and building permits.…”

Section: The Institutional Environment Of Rural-urban Migration In Kazakhstanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Policy Options in Regulating Rural–Urban Migration with a Bayesian Network: A Case Study in Kazakhstan

2020

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Despite the benefits associated with the free movement of people, governments often try to regulate urban immigration by constraining the agency of potential rural out-migrants in moving to cities and/or in expanding their agency to enable them to stay put. We apply an institutional framework centring on push–pull and retain–repel factors to migration intentions of potential migrants in northern Kazakhstan. We model the effects of these factors on migration intentions with Bayesian Networks and expand the baseline model with three policy scenarios. The results suggest that the effects of policies constraining urban in-migration, e.g. limiting access to affordable housing, are attenuated by social networks and reverse remittances. The supply of accessible and appropriate information on possible income and true housing costs in urban areas presents a promising road to reduce intentions of rural out-migration. Better schools and decentralised tertiary education can also reduce the migration intentions of rural residents.

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“…Between 2005-12, the non-observed (shadow and informal) economy generated over 19 per cent of GDP (Kozhakhmetov, 2014). Furthermore, at times of macroeconomic shocks women tend to look for low paid jobs in the services sector in urban areas and that these jobs are unlikely to provide social benefits (An et al, 2016).…”

Section: The Informal Economy In Kazakhstanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Informal employment in Kazakhstan: a blessing in disguise?

Mussurov

Sholk²,

Arabsheibani

2018

Eurasian Econ Rev

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Informality is heterogeneous, dynamic and difficult to quantify; the formal-informal gap in earnings is one major component of it that we wish to examine. Using the 2013 Kazakhstan Labour Force Survey (KLFS), we analyse the returns that formal and informal workers receive for a given set of characteristics and also use a matching technique to decompose the gap. We observe that in Kazakhstan there is a substantial earnings gap in favour of formal workers and that a quarter of the gap remains unexplained. Our study also highlights the importance of matching-based decomposition and distributional analysis in explaining the differences in earnings between formal and informal workers.

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Economic Crisis, Income Gaps, Uncertainty, and Inter-regional Migration Responses: Kazakhstan 2000–2014

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

Economic Swings, Political Instability and Migration in Kyrgyzstan

Economic Swings, Political Instability and Migration in Kyrgyzstan

Exploring Policy Options in Regulating Rural–Urban Migration with a Bayesian Network: A Case Study in Kazakhstan

Informal employment in Kazakhstan: a blessing in disguise?

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