Economic burden of adverse drug reactions and potential for pharmacogenomic testing in Singaporean adults

Chan, Sze Ling; Ng, Hong Yen; Sung, Cynthia; Chan, Alexandre; Winther, Michael D.; Brunham, Liam R.; Wee, Hwee Lin

doi:10.1038/s41397-018-0053-1

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The consequences of ADRs have considerable importance in health economics. For instance, in Singapore, a study published in 2019 revealed that the economic burden of 81 admissions caused by ADRs cost US $570,404 ( Chan et al, 2019 ). Similarly, in Europe in 2016, the estimated direct costs of ADR in hospitals for the public care sector ranged from €2.8 billion to €84.6 billion ( Zsifkovits et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health outcomes and policy in pharmay curricula among Arab countries: An evaluation of 191 academic institutions

Alghamdi

Albalawi

Alshammari

2021

Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal

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Highlights There is shortage in teaching the pharmaceutical health outcomes subjects among the universities in Arab countries. Pharmacovigilance and patient safety subjects were the lowest taught subjects compared to pharmacoeconomics and pharmacoepidemiology. Most of pharmaceutical health outcome subjects were taught in the last year of the college currucilum and not many of these sibjects have included in the internship year which is the training year. There is an urgent need to revise the current curriculum among the pharmacy colleges and perhaps other health colleges and include these subjects because of the need of healthcare system in specialized healthcare professionals in these subjects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health outcomes and policy in pharmay curricula among Arab countries: An evaluation of 191 academic institutions

Alghamdi

Albalawi

Alshammari

2021

Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal

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“…These costs were signi cantly higher for bleeding/elevated international normalized ratios compared to other ADRs, and for drugs acting on the blood coagulation system compared to other drug classes. [44] Similarly, in Europe in 2016, the estimated direct costs of ADR in hospitals for the public care sector ranged from €2.8 billion to €84.6 billion. [45] In 2012, Spanish authors conducted a systematic review and concluded that studies regarding ADR costs have heterogeneous designs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy Curricula Among Arab Countries: An Evaluation of 191 Academic Institutions

Alghamdi

Albalawi

Alshammari

2020

Preprint

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BackgroundHealth outcomes and policies is a growing areas that is needed in the healthcare culture. This study aimed to examine the availability, extent and type of teaching curricula (pharmacoeconomics, pharmacoepidemiology, pharmacovigilance, patient safety) in Arab countries.Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted during the period of November 2019 to January 2020. The collection strategy was performed by listing of pharmacy colleges in each country and then reviewing the institutions’ websites that met the inclusion criteria. Five criteria were utilized to assess the availability of these courses: full-time mandatory , full-time elective, partial mandatory, partial elective, and not offered.Results One hundred ninety-one academic institutions were screened during the study period. Of those, 151 (79.1%) institutions were included in the study and their curricular descriptions were retrieved from their electronic websites. Pharmacoeconomics was the most taught subject among the four subjects. It was offered in 89/151 of the colleges among Arab countries. Among these 89 colleges that offered pharmacoeconomics, 74/89 offered it as a mandatory. While, Pharmacoepidemiology was offered in 51 colleges, with 44/51 offering the subject as a mandatory, and 6 out of those 44 list it as a full-time mandatory , while 38 out of those 44 offer it as a partially mandatory. Only 22 of the colleges offered pharmacovigilance, with 14/22 offering the subject as a mandatory. Finally, there was only one institution that offers the subject of patient safety. Moreover, most of the four courses investigated are only taught in the final two years of study.ConclusionsThe study found a clear shortcoming in the teaching pharmaceutical outcomes. More efforts are needed by academic institutions to review other institutions’ curricula to ensure they meet the work needs and advanced pharmacy practice transformation.

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“…Not only public health but also medical resources were affected. A team in Singapore observed higher laboratory costs in the residency of patients with ADRs (85).…”

Section: Pharmacogenomic Test For Prevention Of Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions

et al. 2021

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Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) are T cells-mediated life-threatening immune reactions, most commonly induced by drug. The last decade has seen significant progress in SCARs research. Recent studies have unveiled the pathogenesis of SCARs involved in susceptible genes, including human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and drugs-T cell receptor (TCR) interaction that may trigger T cell activation with downstream immune signaling of cytokines/chemokines and specific cytotoxic proteins releases. Advances in identification of multiple genetic alleles associated with specific drugs related SCARS in different populations is an important breakthrough in recent years for prevention of SCARs. This article summarized the findings on genetic factors related to SJS/TEN, especially for HLA.

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Economic burden of adverse drug reactions and potential for pharmacogenomic testing in Singaporean adults

Cited by 17 publications

References 41 publications

Health outcomes and policy in pharmay curricula among Arab countries: An evaluation of 191 academic institutions

Health outcomes and policy in pharmay curricula among Arab countries: An evaluation of 191 academic institutions

Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy Curricula Among Arab Countries: An Evaluation of 191 Academic Institutions

Genetics of Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions

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