2020
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920136117
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Abstract: The tropical Andes are an important natural laboratory to understand speciation in many taxa. Here we examined the evolutionary history of parasites of the Leishmania braziliensis species complex based on whole-genome sequencing of 67 isolates from 47 localities in Peru. We first show the origin of Andean Leishmania as a clade of near-clonal lineages that diverged from admixed Amazonian ancestors, accompanied by a significant reduction in genome diversity and large structural variations implicated in host–para… Show more

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Cited by 56 publications
(94 citation statements)
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“…Our final strategy to evaluate genomic variability among L. braziliensis genomes involved analysis of nucleotide-level variations (SNPs). Comparing the number of SNPs found in this study (42,617 to 435,529; n = 21) ( Supplementary Table S3) and the recent report in L. braziliensis isolates from Peru (Broeck et al, 2020), with the number of variants described in other Old/ New World Leishmania species, such as L. donovani (3,549 SNPs; n = 17) (Downing et al, 2011); L. infantum (17,333 SNPs; n = 12) (Rogers et al, 2014) (~3,000 SNPs; n = 20) (Teixeira et al, 2017), L. amazonensis/L. mexicana vs. L. infantum (~21,000 SNPs; n = 2) (Valdivia et al, 2017), L. panamensis; (~62,000 SNPs; n = 22) (Patino et al, 2020), L. amazonensis vs. reference genome of L. mexicana (~40,000 SNPs) (Patino et al, 2019b) and L. peruviana vs. reference genome of L. braziliensis (~112,000 SNPs; n = 2) (Valdivia et al, 2015), we can confirm that L. braziliensis, is the Leishmania (Viannia) species with the highest genetic variability circulating in some regions of South America (Brazil, Colombia and Peru).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 58%
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“…Our final strategy to evaluate genomic variability among L. braziliensis genomes involved analysis of nucleotide-level variations (SNPs). Comparing the number of SNPs found in this study (42,617 to 435,529; n = 21) ( Supplementary Table S3) and the recent report in L. braziliensis isolates from Peru (Broeck et al, 2020), with the number of variants described in other Old/ New World Leishmania species, such as L. donovani (3,549 SNPs; n = 17) (Downing et al, 2011); L. infantum (17,333 SNPs; n = 12) (Rogers et al, 2014) (~3,000 SNPs; n = 20) (Teixeira et al, 2017), L. amazonensis/L. mexicana vs. L. infantum (~21,000 SNPs; n = 2) (Valdivia et al, 2017), L. panamensis; (~62,000 SNPs; n = 22) (Patino et al, 2020), L. amazonensis vs. reference genome of L. mexicana (~40,000 SNPs) (Patino et al, 2019b) and L. peruviana vs. reference genome of L. braziliensis (~112,000 SNPs; n = 2) (Valdivia et al, 2015), we can confirm that L. braziliensis, is the Leishmania (Viannia) species with the highest genetic variability circulating in some regions of South America (Brazil, Colombia and Peru).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 58%
“…One of them, published by Bruna et al (2019) highlighted the tremendous genetic variability (~95,000-~131,000 SNPs) in 10 clinical isolates from forested and urbanized environments of Brazil and the existence of three distinct phylogenetic groups including one isolate from a forested environment that was characterized by moderate aneuploidy and reduced heterozygosity. The other study by Broeck et al (2020) investigated the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of L. braziliensis isolates from Peru and demonstrated genetic diversification and subsequent hybridization, this study highlights the origin of Andean/Amazonian Leishmania species (L. peruviana and L. braziliensis) and describes a possible meiotic recombination event between them, with uniparental inheritance of maxicircles but biparental inheritance of minicircles, which may be crucial for survival of the parasite in the wild. Considering the close relatedness between L. braziliensis and L. peruviana, some authors have conducted genomic comparative analysis, which have identified a great number of interspecific SNP/indel differences between them as well as the presence of different gene and chromosome copy number variations supporting the classification of both organisms as closely related but distinct species (Valdivia et al, 2015;Broeck et al, 2020).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 61%
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“…(L.) aethiopica have been reported in other countries ( Delgado et al., 1997 ; Ravel et al., 2006 ; Odiwuor et al., 2011 ). Recently, genome-scale analyses provided evidence of meiotic-like recombination between Leishmania species, resulting in full-genome hybrids ( Van den Broeck et al., 2020 ). Interestingly, this study also showed that the mitochondrial genome of hybrid strains consisted of homogeneous uniparental maxicircles, whereas minicircles originated from both parental species ( Van den Broeck et al., 2020 ).…”
Section: Where and How Does Genetic Exchange Occur?mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The mechanisms of genetic exchange in Leishmania resulting in the formation of hybrid and mito-nuclear discordance, and where and how they occur, are still unclear. In Peru, the natural hybridization between L. (V.) braziliensis and L. (V.) peruviana is hypothesized to be associated with a massive migration of people and animals between highland and lowland areas, due to the deterioration and recovery of the political and security situation ( Kato et al., 2016c ; Van den Broeck et al., 2020 ). A resulting increased risk for infection by multiple Leishmania species in humans and animals, is thought to give rise to the emergence and establishment of hybrid strains.…”
Section: Where and How Does Genetic Exchange Occur?mentioning
confidence: 99%