Ecoimmunology

Adelman, James S.; Ardia, Daniel R.; Schat, Karel A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-396965-1.00022-4

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 172 publications

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“…In predictable temperate environments, organisms use day length ( photoperiod) as an initial predictive cue (Wingfield, 1983) to time investment in physiological processes to coincide with upcoming fluctuations in resources and changes in energy demand (Nelson et al, 1990). There have been many studies on seasonal variation in immunity in a variety of vertebrate taxa (reviewed in Adelman et al, 2013;Lee, 2006;Martin et al, 2008;Nelson and Demas, 1996;Nelson et al, 2002). Studies investigating the effects of photoperiod on changes in immune activity found that mammals decrease immune activity during the summer months (long days) and increase investment during the winter months (short days).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This winter upregulation has been hypothesized to counteract environmentally induced immunosuppressive effects caused by challenges such as inclement weather and low food availability that occur during winter (Nelson and Demas, 1996;Sinclair and Lochmiller, 2000). In birds, both cellular and humoral immunity have been reported as higher during the winter or show no change when compared with summer (Adelman et al, 2013;Lee, 2006;Martin et al, 2008). In non-migratory great tits (Parus major), total immunoglobulin and heterophil levels were highest during the summer breeding months (Pap et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photoperiod but not food restriction modulates innate immunity in an opportunistic breeder,Loxia curvirostra

Schultz

Hahn

Klasing

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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An organism's investment in immune function often varies seasonally but understanding of how fluctuations in environmental conditions directly modulate investment remains limited. This experiment investigated how changes in photoperiod and food availability affect investment in constitutive innate immunity and the acute phase response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections in captive red crossbills (Loxia curvirostra). Crossbills are reproductively flexible songbirds that specialize on an unpredictably available food resource and display temporal variation in immunity in the wild. Birds were separated into four treatments and exposed to long or short day lengths for 6 weeks before continuing on an ad libitum diet or experiencing a 20% food reduction for 10 days. Birds were uninjected or injected with LPS both before and after diet change. Innate immunity was quantified throughout the experiment to assess effects of photoperiod, food availability and their interactions on hemolysishemagglutination, haptoglobin, bacterial killing ability and leukocyte counts. Overall, increasing day length significantly increased both bacterial killing ability and leukocyte counts. Surprisingly, food restriction had little effect on the immune parameters, potentially owing to the 'low-cost' environment of captivity and suggesting that investment in innate immunity is prioritized and maintained whenever possible. LPS injections induced stereotypical sickness behaviors and increased bacterial killing ability in short day birds and complement activity (hemolysis) both before and after food restriction. These results demonstrate robust seasonal modulation of immune investment and an ability to maintain innate immunity in the face of limited resources in these temporally flexible songbirds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoperiod but not food restriction modulates innate immunity in an opportunistic breeder,Loxia curvirostra

Schultz

Hahn

Klasing

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…), information on immune responses is often incomplete and limited to a relatively limited number of techniques (Adelman et al. ). This is particularly the case in remote field locations such as ours, which constrains usability of techniques.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No selection on immunological markers in response to a highly virulent pathogen in an Arctic breeding bird

Legagneux

Berzins

Forbes

et al. 2014

Evolutionary Applications

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In natural populations, epidemics provide opportunities to look for intense natural selection on genes coding for life history and immune or other physiological traits. If the populations being considered are of management or conservation concern, then identifying the traits under selection (or ‘markers’) might provide insights into possible intervention strategies during epidemics. We assessed potential for selection on multiple immune and life history traits of Arctic breeding common eiders (Somateria mollissima) during annual avian cholera outbreaks (summers of 2006, 2007 & 2008). We measured prelaying body condition, immune traits, and subsequent reproductive investment (i.e., clutch size) and survival of female common eiders and whether they were infected with Pasteurella multocida, the causative agent of avian cholera. We found no clear and consistent evidence of directional selection on immune traits; however, infected birds had higher levels of haptoglobin than uninfected birds. Also, females that laid larger clutches had slightly lower immune responses during the prelaying period reflecting possible downregulation of the immune system to support higher costs of reproduction. This supports a recent study indicating that birds investing in larger clutches were more likely to die from avian cholera and points to a possible management option to maximize female survival during outbreaks.

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“…As general estimators of condition and health status we used standardised weight, differential and absolute leukocyte counts, the total erythrocyte count, complement activity and the proinflammatory immune responsiveness to subcutaneous phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation. Both these haematological traits Campbell and Ellis 2007) and the PHA skin-swelling test (Kennedy and Nager 2006;Bílková et al 2015) have frequently been used in ecological research as good indicators of condition, immune function, and health status (see Adelman et al 2014). In addition to the frequently used H/L ratio as an indicator of health and stress (Davis et al 2008), we also evaluated the immature erythrocyte frequency as a trait positively linked to the rate of haematopoiesis, metabolism, and development (Vinkler et al 2010b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melanin and carotenoid ornaments are related to the individual condition in free-living grey partridges (Perdix perdix)

et al. 2016

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Brustornamente trugen, nach PHA-Stimulation eine stär-kere entzündliche Hautreaktion zeigten, als Männchen mit begrenzten Ornamenten, was nahelegt, dass es sich hier um Individuen hoher Qualität handelt, die eine starke Immunantwort aktivieren können. Weiterhin fanden wir heraus, dass das UV-Signal des durch Karotinoidpigmente gefärbten Augenflecks in negativem Verhältnis zur absoluten Anzahl unreifer Erythrozyten und dem peripheren H/L-Verhältnis (Heterophile Granulozyten/Lymphozyten) steht, was andeutet, dass Männchen mit ruhigem Lebenswandel und besserer Gesundheit Hautornamente mit höherer UV-Reflexion ausbilden. Die Schmuckfärbung männlicher Rebhühner kann daher den Weibchen als zuverlässiges Signal für Körperkondition (im Hinblick auf die Ressourcenbilanz) und Gesundheit (bezüglich der Stressresistenz) dienen.

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Ecoimmunology

Cited by 15 publications

References 172 publications

Photoperiod but not food restriction modulates innate immunity in an opportunistic breeder,Loxia curvirostra

Photoperiod but not food restriction modulates innate immunity in an opportunistic breeder,Loxia curvirostra

No selection on immunological markers in response to a highly virulent pathogen in an Arctic breeding bird

Melanin and carotenoid ornaments are related to the individual condition in free-living grey partridges (Perdix perdix)

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