Eco‐evolutionary dynamics in plant–soil feedbacks

terHorst, Casey P.; Zee, Peter C.

doi:10.1111/1365-2435.12671

Cited by 72 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 135 publications

(227 reference statements)

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“…These functional traits will likely have strong impacts on the evolution of plant interactions with their soils and vice versa (Evans et al . ; terHorst & Zee ). Continued exploration of plant function in rapidly changing environments, coupled with advances in phylogenetic comparative methods and functional evolution, will elucidate how past evolution governs future alterations of plant community composition and function induced by global change.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant functional constraints guide macroevolutionary trade‐offs in competitive and conservative growth responses to nitrogen

et al. 2016

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Summary1. Decades of research show that plants vary in their growth responses to increasing soil nitrogen (N), supporting theory on evolutionary trade-offs between competitive and conservative growth strategies. However, we lack an explicit examination of the evolutionary processes guiding trade-offs in competitive and conservative growth responses to N addition (GRN), processes which should include selection across environmental gradients and constraint within certain plant functional types. 2. To determine current variation in GRN across plants, we collected previously published data on total biomass responses of 125 terrestrial plant species to N fertilization, relative to control soil N conditions. We calculated phylogenetic signal of GRN to assess the influence of shared evolutionary history on variation in N use capacities. To determine whether this variation is consistent with stabilizing selection towards unique N use capacities across environmental gradients and plant functional types, we compared the fit (second-order Akaike Information Criterion) of species' GRN data to models that approximate evolution according to genetic drift with and without stabilizing selection across plant functional types, biomes, latitude, mean annual temperature and annual precipitation. 3. More than one in four species in our analysis responded negatively or neutrally to increasing soil N and responses ranged from a 60% decrease to an 1800% increase in biomass with added N. We identified a significant phylogenetic signal for GRN, and evolutionary models incorporating stabilizing selection plus genetic drift explained more variation in GRN than models incorporating genetic drift alone. Parameter estimates from selection-based models indicate that plant functional types have experienced selection towards GRN values (i.e. evolutionary optima) that differ more than among biomes or across climatic gradients. 4. Overall, our results suggest that phylogenetic relatedness and stabilizing selection associated with functional constraints are two aspects of past evolution that govern whether species will be winners or losers in global soil N addition scenarios.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant functional constraints guide macroevolutionary trade‐offs in competitive and conservative growth responses to nitrogen

et al. 2016

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“…Although it is not yet clear how this will affect PSF‐related processes (Bardgett et al . ) and plant evolutionary dynamics (terHorst & Zee ), it has been shown that community reordering (new genotypes or species) may have a large impact on carbon cycling and soil nutrient availability, because drought‐adapted plant species often have very different nutrient acquisition strategies (Sthultz, Gehring & Whitham ; Fischer et al . ).…”

Section: Plant–soil Feedbacks and Global Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Where, when and how plant–soil feedback matters in a changing world

et al. 2016

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Summary 1.It is increasingly acknowledged that plant-soil feedbacks may play an important role in driving the composition of plant communities and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. However, the mechanistic understanding of plant-soil feedbacks, as well as their roles in natural ecosystems in proportion to other possible drivers, is still in its infancy. Such knowledge will enhance our capacity to determine the contribution of plant-soil feedback to community and ecosystem responses under global environmental change. 2. Here, we review how plant-soil feedbacks may develop under extreme drought and precipitation events, CO 2 and nitrogen enrichment, temperature increase, land use change and plant species loss vs. gain. We present a framework for opening the 'black box of soil' considering the responses of the various biotic components (enemies, symbionts and decomposers) of plant-soil feedback to the global environmental changes, and we discuss how to integrate these components to understand and predict the net effects of plant-soil feedbacks under the various scenarios of change. 3. To gain an understanding of how plant-soil feedback plays out in realistic settings, we also use the framework to discuss its interaction with other drivers of plant community composition, including competition, facilitation, herbivory, and soil physical and chemical properties. 4. We conclude that understanding the role that plant-soil feedback plays in shaping the responses of plant community composition and ecosystem processes to global environmental changes requires unravelling the individual contributions of enemies, symbionts and decomposers. These biotic factors may show different response rates and strengths, thereby resulting in different net magnitudes and directions of plant-soil feedbacks under various scenarios of global change. We also need tests of plant-soil feedback under more realistic conditions to determine its contribution to changes in patterns and processes in the field, both at ecologically and evolutionary relevant time-scales.

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“…Plant–soil systems offer many creative opportunities for testing eco‐evolutionary theory, which will provide important steps towards achieving the integration of ecosystem ecology and evolutionary biology (Bailey et al. ; Matthews et al., ; Schoener, ; terHorst & Zee, ; Van Nuland et al., ). Therefore, examining the evolutionary consequences of plant–soil linkages and feedbacks stands to significantly advance our understanding of how the interplay between ecology and evolution influences populations, structures communities and regulates many important ecosystem functions and services.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem feedbacks contribute to geographic variation in plant–soil eco‐evolutionary dynamics across a fertility gradient

et al. 2019

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Plant species that occur in different soil nutrient environments often vary in plant functional traits that affect soil nutrient cycling, creating positive feedbacks that reinforce nutrient availability. Variation in such nutrient feedbacks could affect plant fitness, but few studies have explored the eco‐evolutionary dynamics of within‐species nutrient feedbacks, and the role that soil communities may play in mediating plant evolutionary responses. We investigated whether a widespread Populus species regulates soil fertility, resulting in positive nutrient feedbacks that influence population divergence. Here, we combined field observations, a reciprocal transplant experiment, and soil community sequencing to test how nutrient feedbacks might facilitate plant adaptation to soil environments. We find that: (1) Plant populations exist along a soil fertility gradient in the field and display trait variation consistent with positive nutrient feedbacks, (2) populations assemble distinct soil prokaryotic communities that are structured by soil chemistry, (3) populations show inconsistent patterns of local adaptation to their soil communities, however (4) genetic variation in plant–soil interactions reinforces soil nutrient differences. Soil communities may mediate variation in plant adaptation across a soil fertility gradient such that plant–soil interactions reinforce positive nutrient feedbacks. Identifying the eco‐evolutionary links between plant trait variation, soil nutrients and microbial communities demonstrates that plants modify and adapt to soil environments. These results support the hypothesis that eco‐evolutionary feedbacks may result when plant–soil interactions (eco) affect ecosystem‐level processes that sustain population‐level feedbacks and selective gradients (evo). A http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2435.13259/suppinfo is available for this article.

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Eco‐evolutionary dynamics in plant–soil feedbacks

Cited by 72 publications

References 135 publications

Plant functional constraints guide macroevolutionary trade‐offs in competitive and conservative growth responses to nitrogen

Plant functional constraints guide macroevolutionary trade‐offs in competitive and conservative growth responses to nitrogen

Where, when and how plant–soil feedback matters in a changing world

Ecosystem feedbacks contribute to geographic variation in plant–soil eco‐evolutionary dynamics across a fertility gradient

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