Echocardiography in the evaluation of the cyanotic newborn infant.

Godman, M J; Tham, Pham Thi; Kidd, Brent

doi:10.1136/hrt.36.2.154

Cited by 56 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…A distorted, tiny mitral echo has been described IIt mitral atresia [3,[5][6][7] . Findings in our five infants with mitral atresia suggest that a mitral echo can be found in most instances if vigorously sought .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Echocardiographic assessment of the aortic root in syndromes with left ventricular hypoplasia

et al. 1982

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Echocardiograms and angiograms of six infants with left ventricular hypoplasia were examined. Three observations were made: (1) A normal-sized aortic root echogram may be seen in infants with mitral atresia, intact ventricular septum and normally related great arteries. (2) A recognizable mitral valve echogram may be seen in mitral atresia. (3) The true echocardiographic left ventricular dimension may be exceedingly difficult to measure, the tendency being to overestimate it. Awareness of these pitfalls with aid in the echocardiographic diagnosis of left ventricular hypoplasia in infants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Echocardiographic assessment of the aortic root in syndromes with left ventricular hypoplasia

et al. 1982

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“…Normal values reported for term infants [3,4,6,9] have been obtained from M-mode echocardiographic measurements of the external aortic diameter at end-systole . The reported mean values are 0.03 cm or 3% [9] to 0 .19 cm or 18% [4] higher than ours due to the use of external edge measurements .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Normal values of aortic root size have been reported in term [3,4,6,9] and preterm newborns [7], but these studies used external or internal edge measurements rather than the leading edge methodology proposed by the American Society of Echocardiography [8] . Within each 250-g birth-weight subgroup, at least 20 newborn infants were selected for study (Table 1) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal values of aortic root measurements in neonates

et al. 1985

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Aortic root diameter measurements were obtained during the first week of life by M-mode echocardiography using leading edge methodology during early diastole in 172 preterm and 228 term neonates. At least 40 newborns were included in each 500-g birth-weight subgroup from 750 to 4750 g. The aortic root diameter increased linearly from 0.63 +/- 0.04 cm in newborns with birth weights of 750-1249 g to 1.06 +/- 0.06 cm in newborns of 4250-4750 g.

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“…The procedures for M-mode examinations in infants have been previously deScribed [5,9,10,[18][19][20]. The following findings on M-mode echocardiography have been used in our laboratory to suggest the diagnosis of HLV [5,9,10,18,19]: (1) left ventricle image < 10 ram, including failure to detect left ventricle; (2) hypoplastic mitral valve image; (3) aortic root image < 5 mm, !ncluding failure to detect aortic root; (4) aortic arch image < 5 mm, using suprasternal approach; (5) enlarged anterior atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve image; (6) enlarged right ventricle image; and (7) enlarged pulmonary artery image.…”

Section: M-mode Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-sectional echocardiography in hypoplastic left ventricle: Echocardiographic—angiographic—anatomic correlations

et al. 1980

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SUMMARY. Although M-mode echocardiography has become a valuable tool in the noninvasive diagnosis of hypoplastic left ventricle (HLV), it may not resolve all diagnostic uncertainty. This Study compares the findings of M-mode echocardiography, cross-sectional echocardiography, and autopsy in a group of 20 infants with HLV. M-mode echocardiograms alone were obtained in eight infants; five of these children underwent cardiac catheterization, and six underwent autopsy. Cross-sectional echocardiograms were obtained in the remaining 12 infants; two of these Underwent cardiac catheterization, and all 12 underwent autopsy. Cross-sectional examinations Were performed with either a high-resolution mechanical sector scanner or a sequentially scanning linear array. Short-axis views were used for left ventricular size and shape and for aortic root, pulmonary artery, and ductus size; suprasternal notch views were used for imaging the aortic arch and subxiphoid views for the atrial cavities. In all 12 infants the findings from crosssectional echocardiography closely matched those of autopsy with respect to degree of hypoplasia of the mitral valve, the left ventricular cavity, and the left ventricular outflow tract. If the diameter of a valve orifice exceeded 3 mm at autopsy, patency of the valve could be diagnosed from the Cross-sectional echocardiogram. The findings when M-mode echocardiograms alone were done less closely matched the autopsy findings, and in five of the eight cardiac catheterization was judged necessary to resolve remaining diagnostic uncertainty. This study found that crosssectional echocardiography provided an accurate noninvasive diagnosis of the spectrum of anatomy found in HLV and had fewer pitfalls than M-mode echocardiography.KEY WORDS: Echocardiography --Hypoplastic left ventricle m Noninvasive bIypoplastic left ventricle (HLV) comprises a variety of lesions and combinations of lesions that result in inadequate left ventricular output [6,8,13,16,21,26,31,32]. There is a spectrum of size for HLV, for the aorta, and for the degree of development of the aortic and mitral valves in HLV. At present HLV is inoperable, and M-mode echoCardiography has been useful in distinguishing it from potentially operable lesions that have similar clinical manifestations [5, 19]. Nevertheless, our experience with M-mode echocardiography in the blLV spectrum suggested that the variations produced considerable diagnostic uncertainty. The

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Echocardiography in the evaluation of the cyanotic newborn infant.

Abstract: Echocardiographic studies were performed in 45

Cited by 56 publications

References 10 publications

Echocardiographic assessment of the aortic root in syndromes with left ventricular hypoplasia

Echocardiographic assessment of the aortic root in syndromes with left ventricular hypoplasia

Normal values of aortic root measurements in neonates

Cross-sectional echocardiography in hypoplastic left ventricle: Echocardiographic—angiographic—anatomic correlations

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