Echocardiographic and Doppler assessment of maternal cardiovascular function in normal and abnormal canine pregnancies

Blanco, Paula Graciela; Batista, Pablo Rodrigo; Gómez, F. E.; Arias, Daniel Osvaldo; Gobello, Cristina

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.05.019

Cited by 12 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…These changes probably occurred due to a more effective systolic performance and to an increase in ventricular compliance. These results are consistent with findings in previous studies (Abbott, 2010;Blanco et al, 2011;Blanco et al, 2012;Souza et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Characterization of the cardiovascular system adaptations in pregnant bitches has been an object of studies in veterinary medicine, revealing the importance of these variables to myocardial contractility (systolic function) and cardiac output (Blanco et al, 2012;Souza et al, 2017). The paucity of information in this species provides opportunities for more detailed evaluation of the echocardiographic variables such as relaxation capacity and compliance of this organ (diastolic function) during the gestation of healthy bitches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of estrous cycle and gestation on cardiovascular system of bitches

Almeida

Uscátegui

Camacho

et al. 2018

Animal Reproduction Science

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the consequences of the estrous cycle and gestation on the cardiovascular system of bitches evaluated through echocardiographic assessment. Fifteen healthy pregnant bitches aged 2 to 6 years and weighing 8.8 ± 2.5 kg were included in the study. Heart rate and blood pressure were clinically evaluated. M-mode, spectral, and tissue Doppler-echocardiography assessments were performed during the anestrous and estrous stages, every 15 days during pregnancy (15, 30, 45, and 60 days), and 45 days postpartum. The data for evaluated variables were submitted for statistical analysis. Heart rate (P = 0.286) and systolic blood pressure (P = 0.686) were not changed as a result of pregnancy or estrus, while ejection fraction (P = 0.0016) and fractional shortening (P = 0.00004) changed. The variables transmitral flow, isovolumetric relaxation time, aortic and pulmonary flow, and some variables related to myocardium movement obtained via tissue Doppler assessment varied (P < 0.05) among the reproductive periods studied. In conclusion, gestation resulted in changes in echocardiography variables, and consequently, on maternal hemodynamics, with myocardial contractility increasing during pregnancy, resulting in greater systolic efficiency and ventricular compliance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of estrous cycle and gestation on cardiovascular system of bitches

Almeida

Uscátegui

Camacho

et al. 2018

Animal Reproduction Science

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“…In bitches, it has been reported that normal pregnancy results in increased cardiac output and hypertrophy and a time-dependent fall in vascular resistance of the uteroplacental artery (Di Salvo et al, 2006;Blanco et al, 2011a), and failures in maternal cardiovascular adaptation to gestation might result in obstetric complications and a reduction in the uterine artery RI (Blanco et al, 2011b;Blanco et al, 2012). It is noteworthy that foetal adaptation to transient hypoxia, characterised by a short-term adjustment through baro-and chemoreceptor reflexes, differs from chronic hypoxia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal brachycephaly only does not influence umbilical artery resistance in late canine pregnancy

2021

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The popularity of canine brachycephalic breeds is rising in many countries of the world. Brachycephalic dogs are predisposed to developing brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS), resulting in lower partial pressure of oxygen in the arterial blood which might influence foetal haemodynamic parameters. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of the maternal morphological characteristic (brachycephaly) on the resistive index of the umbilical artery (RIUA) during late pregnancy. This was a non-randomized and cross-sectional study that included data of foetuses from 42 clinically healthy pregnant bitches. The RIUA was measured in 137 foetuses, from 68 and 69 brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic bitches, respectively, between the seventh to ninth weeks of pregnancy. Gestational age was determined by ultrasonography according to foetal biparietal diameter (BP) by measuring two to four foetuses/pregnant bitch. Female dogs with at least one foetus diagnosed with a consistent heart rate below 180 bpm were not included in the present study. There was a significant weekly decrease in the RIUA of foetuses from both brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic bitches, from the seventh until the last week of evaluation. No differences were detected in the RIUA ate the same gestational week between foetuses from brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic bitches. In conclusion, maternal brachycephaly only is not able to induces RIUA changes in canine foetuses during late pregnancy.

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“…Doppler in canine pregnancy was first reviewed by Blanco, Arias, & Gobello, . The cardiovascular system of the bitch and foetal blood flow during normal and abnormal pregnancy were also evaluated by Blanco and co‐workers (Blanco et al, ; Blanco, Batista, Gómez, Arias, & Gobello, ; Blanco, Rodríguez, et al, ; Blanco, Tórtora, Rodríguez, Arias, & Gobello, ). Doppler characteristics of the middle cerebral artery in canine foetuses were published in 2013 (Feliciano et al, ).…”

Section: Dopplermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Doppler study of canine maternal and foetal vessels and their changes during pregnancy has been described by Nautrup, 1998 andby Di Salvo, Bocci, Zelli, &Polisca, 2006. Doppler in canine pregnancy was first reviewed by Blanco, Arias, & Gobello, 2008. The cardiovascular system of the bitch and foetal blood flow during normal and abnormal pregnancy were also evaluated by Blanco and co-workers (Blanco et al, 2009;Blanco, Batista, Gómez, Arias, & Gobello, 2012;. Doppler characteristics of the middle cerebral artery in canine foetuses were published in 2013 (Feliciano et al, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced ultrasound techniques in small animal reproduction imaging

Mantziaras¹,

Luvoni

2020

Reprod Domestic Animals

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Ultrasonography is the imaging technology of choice for the evaluation of the reproduction system and pregnancy in both humans and animals. Today, ultrasound equipments are smaller, cheaper, and much more efficient. These upgrades, along with image digitization, have pushed ultrasound into the point-of-care setting. The most recent advances of different ultrasound techniques and their potential use in reproduction imaging of small animals are described in this review. 2 | DOPPLER The Doppler effect describes a change in the wavelength of energy transmitted as sound waves as a result of motion of their source or their receiver. The most commonly used indices to describe the waveform of the spectral Doppler are resistance index (RI): RI = (S−D)/S, systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratio: S/D and pulsatility index (PI): (S−D)/A

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Echocardiographic and Doppler assessment of maternal cardiovascular function in normal and abnormal canine pregnancies

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

Influence of estrous cycle and gestation on cardiovascular system of bitches

Influence of estrous cycle and gestation on cardiovascular system of bitches

Maternal brachycephaly only does not influence umbilical artery resistance in late canine pregnancy

Advanced ultrasound techniques in small animal reproduction imaging

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