Ebola virus disease: A review for the emergency medicine clinician

Chavez, Summer; Koyfman, Alex; Gottlieb, Michael; Brady, William J.; Carius, Brandon M; Liang, Stephen Y.; Long, Brit

doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2023.04.037

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 88 publications

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“…Nonetheless, the high fatality rate of EVD indicates that continuous research and development of antivirals is necessary to improve its current management and increase preparedness and vigilance for future emergencies [ 12 ]. With globalization, international travel, and foreign medical missions, a patient with EVD may present in any emergency department, and if misdiagnosed, serious repercussions for the patient and public health would ensue [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Navigating the Complex Landscape of Ebola Infection Treatment: A Review of Emerging Pharmacological Approaches

Almeida-Pinto,

Pinto,

Rocha

2024

Infect Dis Ther

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In 1976 Ebola revealed itself to the world, marking the beginning of a series of localized outbreaks. However, it was the Ebola outbreak that began in 2013 that incited fear and anxiety around the globe. Since then, our comprehension of the virus has been steadily expanding. Ebola virus (EBOV), belonging to the Orthoebolavirus genus of the Filoviridae family, possesses a non-segmented, negative single-stranded RNA genome comprising seven genes that encode multiple proteins. These proteins collectively orchestrate the intricate process of infecting host cells. It is not possible to view each protein as monofunctional. Instead, they synergistically contribute to the pathogenicity of the virus. Understanding this multifaceted replication cycle is crucial for the development of effective antiviral strategies. Currently, two antibody-based therapeutics have received approval for treating Ebola virus disease (EVD). In 2022, the first evidence-based clinical practice guideline dedicated to specific therapies for EVD was published. Although notable progress has been made in recent years, deaths still occur. Consequently, there is an urgent need to enhance the therapeutic options available to improve the outcomes of the disease. Emerging therapeutics can target viral proteins as direct-acting antivirals or host factors as host-directed antivirals. They both have advantages and disadvantages. One way to bypass some disadvantages is to repurpose already approved drugs for non-EVD indications to treat EVD. This review offers detailed insight into the role of each viral protein in the replication cycle of the virus, as understanding how the virus interacts with host cells is critical to understanding how emerging therapeutics exert their activity. Using this knowledge, this review delves into the intricate mechanisms of action of current and emerging therapeutics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Navigating the Complex Landscape of Ebola Infection Treatment: A Review of Emerging Pharmacological Approaches

Almeida-Pinto,

Pinto,

Rocha

2024

Infect Dis Ther

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Gene expression analysis identifies hub genes and pathways distinguishing fatal from survivor outcomes of Ebola virus disease

Mensah‐Bonsu,

Doss,

Gloster

et al. 2024

FASEB BioAdvances

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The Ebola virus poses a severe public health threat, yet understanding factors influencing disease outcomes remains incomplete. Our study aimed to identify critical pathways and hub genes associated with fatal and survivor Ebola disease outcomes. We analyzed differentially expressed hub genes (DEGs) between groups with fatal and survival outcomes, as well as a healthy control group. We conducted additional analysis to determine the functions and pathways associated with these DEGs. We found 13,198 DEGs in the fatal and 12,039 DEGs in the survival group compared to healthy controls, and 1873 DEGs in the acute fatal and survivor groups comparison. Upregulated DEGs in the comparison between the acute fatal and survivor groups were linked to ECM receptor interaction, complement and coagulation cascades, and PI3K‐Akt signaling. Upregulated hub genes identified from the acute fatal and survivor comparison (FGB, C1QA, SERPINF2, PLAT, C9, SERPINE1, F3, VWF) were enriched in complement and coagulation cascades; the downregulated hub genes (IL1B, 1L17RE, XCL1, CXCL6, CCL4, CD8A, CD8B, CD3D) were associated with immune cell processes. Hub genes CCL2 and F2 were unique to fatal outcomes, while CXCL1, HIST1H4F, and IL1A were upregulated hub genes unique to survival outcomes compared to healthy controls. Our results demonstrate for the first time the association of EVD outcomes to specific hub genes and their associated pathways and biological processes. The identified hub genes and pathways could help better elucidate Ebola disease pathogenesis and contribute to the development of targeted interventions and personalized treatment for distinct EVD outcomes.

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Ebola virus disease: A review for the emergency medicine clinician

Cited by 2 publications

References 88 publications

Navigating the Complex Landscape of Ebola Infection Treatment: A Review of Emerging Pharmacological Approaches

Navigating the Complex Landscape of Ebola Infection Treatment: A Review of Emerging Pharmacological Approaches

Gene expression analysis identifies hub genes and pathways distinguishing fatal from survivor outcomes of Ebola virus disease

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