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Cited by 415 publications
(318 citation statements)
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References 80 publications
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“…The development of treatment guidelines, a strategy to improve outcomes by developing a standardized treatment approach, are shaped by efficacy clinical trial data. [1][2][3][4][5] In real world practice, urologists are encouraged to employ efficacy data and guidelines to prescribe effective therapies and treatments for patients suffering from IC/BPS. There is, however, limited information on the effectiveness of IC/BPS treatments and patients' perceptions of these treatments in real life clinical practice.…”
Section: Interstitial Cystitis/bladder Pain Syndrome Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The development of treatment guidelines, a strategy to improve outcomes by developing a standardized treatment approach, are shaped by efficacy clinical trial data. [1][2][3][4][5] In real world practice, urologists are encouraged to employ efficacy data and guidelines to prescribe effective therapies and treatments for patients suffering from IC/BPS. There is, however, limited information on the effectiveness of IC/BPS treatments and patients' perceptions of these treatments in real life clinical practice.…”
Section: Interstitial Cystitis/bladder Pain Syndrome Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Several neurophysiological mechanisms of action, following TENS, have been suggested in the past [5], these include simple blocking of pain transmission by a direct effect on the spinothalamic tracts, activation of descending inhibitory pathways, effect on central sympathetic systems, segmental inhibition through coarse fiber activation and brain stem loops; inhibition by increasing GABA levels in the dorsal horn and activation of a thalamo-cortical mechanism masking the nociceptive input. Studies show marked increases in beta endorphin and metenkephalin with low-frequency TENS and demonstrated reversal of the anti-nociceptive effects by naloxone [29]. These effects have been postulated to be mediated through micro-opioid receptors.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There are also suggestions that dysregulated central nervous system responses may have a major role in the etiology and persistence of CPP [28][29].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…According to the USA National Institutes of Health (NIH) classification system, CP/CPPS is 'prostatitis category III' [1]. By definition, nonbacterial CP is an inflammatory response in the absence of any detectable causative micro-organism.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There has been increasing research into managing the chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/ CPPS), defined 'as discomfort or pain in the pelvic region for P3 months, with sterile specimen cultures and white blood cell (WBC) counts in prostate-specific specimens, e.g., semen, expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) and urine collected after prostate massage' [1,2]. Based on previous data, CP is associated with %2 million outpatient visits/year in the USA (8% to urologists and 1% to primary-care physicians) with high direct costs for treatment (US$ 4000/patient/year) [3].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%