Eastern Frequency Response Study

Miller, N.W.; Shao, Miaolei; Pajic, S.; D’Aquila, R.

doi:10.2172/1083365

Cited by 67 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…The differing electromechanical characteristics of wind turbines from conventional generators can prove advantageous in over frequency events however, as, due to the decoupling of the rotor from the power system through power electronics, the wind turbine power can quickly be ramped down, thus providing a fast, effective frequency response. The droop characteristic of wind turbines is often intentionally asymmetric so as to take advantage of wind turbines' superior ability to reduce their output, in the case of an over frequency event [12]- [13]. The governor response capability of a wind turbine is dependent on the wind conditions present while the power set point is curtailed, the deadband applied to the frequency signal in the control loop, the amount by which the turbine has been curtailed and the droop response characteristic it follows.…”

Section: Frequency Response From Wind Turbinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The responses describe the e 'fast-acting' ertia which m. A prudent uish between f low system dispatch and f the system, otal role in ility of wind e in the near Variable speed wind turbines offer the opportunity to tune or shape the frequency response to suit the dynamic response requirements of a particular system, such as delaying the time to minimum frequency or improving the frequency nadir. It is vital that both the emulated inertial response and governor droop response of wind turbines are appropriately tuned for the system they are connected to, particularly at high wind penetration levels [13]. For example, in the absence of curtailment, attempting to enhance the magnitude of the inertial response may actually result in a deeper or extended energy recovery phase which could potentially lead to a second frequency dip, lower than the original transient.…”

Section: B Dynamic System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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System-wide contribution to frequency response from variable speed wind turbines

Ruttledge

Flynn

2012

2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting

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Abstract-Dueto the differing electromechanical characteristics of modern variable speed wind turbines to conventional generators, the provision of ancillary services from wind generation is likely to change the nature of the frequency response of power systems to contingency events. This paper explores the aggregate contribution from wind turbines to the frequency response of future power systems, considering both emulated inertial and governor controls. In particular, the potential issues that may arise as a result of the changing nature of the system frequency response due to the uncertainty over the distribution of ancillary services from embedded generation on the network, are examined in the context of future power system requirements.

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Section: Frequency Response From Wind Turbinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Dynamic System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

System-wide contribution to frequency response from variable speed wind turbines

Ruttledge

Flynn

2012

2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting

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“…This permits time for other corrective actions such as the deployment of reserve (i.e. governor response) to arrest and stabilise the frequency excursion [22].…”

Section: Frequency Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…To assess frequency response, a number of indices or performance metrics have been introduced in the literature [22,[27][28][29]. A list of some well accepted and most frequently used indices is shown in In recent times, frequency response adequacy due to the proliferation of wind power has become a concern in many power systems.…”

Section: Frequency Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

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Security assessment due to increased wind generation in a complex power grid

Masood¹

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Wind energy is becoming a major source of generation in many countries because of its zero fuel cost and no air pollution. Due to the integration of large-scale wind power in conventional grids, synchronous generators are being economically replaced. Modern wind turbine generators (WTGs) are based on power electronic interfaces. Hence, unlike synchronous generators, they do not usually provide inertia and governor response. Therefore, from a power system security point of view, wind penetration can be limited by frequency response criteria. Up to now, several methodologies have been proposed to estimate the maximum wind penetration level. However, none of them suggest how a system operator could be immediately informed about a secured wind penetration limit as soon as a generation profile is known. Therefore, a tool to estimate the maximum wind penetration level by maintaining an adequate frequency response is proposed in this thesis. The proposed tool is able to instantly provide the highest margin of wind power that could be dispatched at a particular load condition without violating frequency response constraints.In some power systems, the combined generation capacity of wind and distributed photovoltaic (PV) sources is close to reaching the level of average demands (e.g. South Australia). Under high availability of wind and PV, a few synchronous machines may be required to be committed for frequency regulation and hence the system can be viewed as a low inertia grid. Such a grid could be potentially at risk of experiencing an excessive rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) after a contingency. A high ROCOF may initiate tripping of other synchronous generators. As a result, network frequency response may become more vulnerable and the system may be subject to significant under frequency load shedding (UFLS) or even at risk of a blackout. Furthermore, some existing distributed PV units may have a default under frequency protection setting, which is higher than the UFLS threshold. Hence, a contingency may cause a subsequent trip of those PV units. It may result in an unacceptable low frequency, triggering further load shedding. To explore the above issues, the effects of cascading contingencies triggered by high ROCOF and PV tripping on the frequency response of a low inertia grid are investigated in this thesis. Remedial measures using synchronous condenser and WTG frequency support to prevent the cascading contingencies are also suggested.Any mismatch between load and generation is intended to be balanced by contingency reserve, which is also known as contingency Frequency Control Ancillary Services (FCAS) requirement.Load frequency relief (LFR), which represents the effect of frequency dependent loads on power system frequency excursion, is crucial for correctly evaluating contingency FCAS requirement during a generation dispatch to ensure an adequate frequency response. Conventionally, the LFR is iii considered as a fixed quantity during the estimation of frequency response and FCAS requirement.How...

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Pv‐statcom Applications in Transmission Systems

2021

Smart Solar PV Inverters With Advanced Grid Support Functionalities

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Eastern Frequency Response Study

Cited by 67 publications

References 5 publications

System-wide contribution to frequency response from variable speed wind turbines

System-wide contribution to frequency response from variable speed wind turbines

Security assessment due to increased wind generation in a complex power grid

Pv‐statcom Applications in Transmission Systems

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