Early Sequential Development of Infective Dermatitis, Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1-Associated Myelopathy, and Adult T Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma

Abstract

We describe a patient with human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated infective dermatitis who developed HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis and adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma at 16 years of age. Long inverse polymerase chain reaction was used to demonstrate monoclonal integration of proviral DNA in the lymphomatous skin lesion.

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) presenting in the skin: Clinical, histological and immunohistochemical features of 52 cases

“…In addition, one adolescent patient had concurrent IDH, HAM/TSP and ATL [17]. It is generally accepted that IDH, which has been previously described in the Brazilian state of Bahia, predisposes to ATL [6].…”

“…Of the 32 cases in which information concerning childhood eczema was available, 12 patients (37.5%) had had a severe eczema affecting the scalp and other areas of the body early in childhood. One of these patients, an adolescent, presented concurrent HAM/TSP, IDH and ATL [17]. HAM/TSP was observed in 10/52 (19%) cases of ATL, six of the smoldering type, three of the chronic type and one of the acute type.…”

O vírus linfotrópico de células T humanos tipo 1 (HTLV-1): Quando suspeitar da infecção?

“…Patients with HTLV and infective dermatitis are at a high risk of developing HAM/TSP (30%) and ATL. 52,53,54 Serological tests for HTLV-1 should be requested when children and adolescents present with severe and resistant forms of eczema. Differential diagnosis should aim to rule out other forms of eczema, such as atopic and seborrheic dermatitis.…”

Evaluation of the use of real-time PCR for human T cell lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 as a confirmatory test in screening for blood donors

“…Other inflammatory diseases such as uveitis, polymyositis, arthritis and alveolitis 7 , as well as infective dermatitis 8 and some types of skin lesions 9 , are also associated with type 1. Approximately 95% of HTLV-1 carriers remain asymptomatic throughout their lives, whereas about 5% develop diseases associated with the virus.…”