Early cortical signals in visual stimulus detection

Kwon, Hyuk-Min; Kronemer, Sharif I.; Christison-Lagay, Kate L.; Khalaf, Aya; Li, Jiajia; Ding, Jian; Freedman, Noah C; Blumenfeld, Hal

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118608

Cited by 20 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Overall these current results agree with recent work suggesting that visual perception begins with early signal detection 46 followed by a pulse of arousal, attentional, and limbic signal amplification 35 leading to network switching and a wave of processing to form conscious experiences 1,8 . Our data-driven DAS network overlaps with the salience network found in brain imaging studies during resting state and numerous tasks 50 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Significantly different latencies from TAP found by two-sided Wilcoxon rank sum test with Holm-Bonferroni correction (*p < 0.05; N100 versus TAP p = 0.014; VAN perception can be placed along a proposed timeline consistent with the three major networks found in our data 1 . First, (1) Detection/arousal/salience (DAS): when a visual stimulus appears, activation of V1 interacts with FG, FEF, and other regions for signal detection [45][46][47][48] dependent, post-perceptual processing needed for subsequent report.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human visual consciousness involves large scale cortical and subcortical networks independent of task report and eye movement activity

et al. 2022

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The full neural circuits of conscious perception remain unknown. Using a visual perception task, we directly recorded a subcortical thalamic awareness potential (TAP). We also developed a unique paradigm to classify perceived versus not perceived stimuli using eye measurements to remove confounding signals related to reporting on conscious experiences. Using fMRI, we discovered three major brain networks driving conscious visual perception independent of report: first, increases in signal detection regions in visual, fusiform cortex, and frontal eye fields; and in arousal/salience networks involving midbrain, thalamus, nucleus accumbens, anterior cingulate, and anterior insula; second, increases in frontoparietal attention and executive control networks and in the cerebellum; finally, decreases in the default mode network. These results were largely maintained after excluding eye movement-based fMRI changes. Our findings provide evidence that the neurophysiology of consciousness is complex even without overt report, involving multiple cortical and subcortical networks overlapping in space and time.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human visual consciousness involves large scale cortical and subcortical networks independent of task report and eye movement activity

et al. 2022

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“…The later events along this timeline, especially for TPN, merge into report-dependent, post-perceptual processing needed for subsequent report. Overall our present results agree with recent work suggesting that visual perception begins with early signal detection 30 followed by a pulse of arousal, attentional and limbic signal amplification 36 leading to network switching and a wave of processing to form conscious experiences 4,9 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…First, (1) Detection/arousal/salience (DAS): when a visual stimulus appears, activation of V1 interacts with FG, FEF, and other regions for signal detection [27][28][29][30] . A dynamic transient pulse in subcortical arousal (e.g., MT and Th) and emotional/motivational systems (e.g., NA) amplifies and facilitates bottom-up attentional salience and top-down attentional control 25,31,32 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The major brain networks of human visual consciousness

Blumenfeld

Kronemer

Aksen

et al. 2021

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Understanding consciousness is one of the most important and challenging questions in modern science. Existing theories have pursued single unifying mechanisms but do not succeed in explaining consciousness. Importantly, the neural circuits that distinguish messages that arrive from the outside world and attain consciousness have remained unknown. Here we identify signals throughout the entire brain at high spatiotemporal resolution specifically related to consciousness. To accomplish this, we combined a large sample size of electrical and neuroimaging data with a novel experimental approach to remove confounding signal unrelated to consciousness1-3. We discovered three major brain networks driving conscious visual perception. First, we found increases in signal detection regions in visual, fusiform cortex, and frontal eye fields; and in arousal/salience networks involving midbrain, thalamus, nucleus accumbens, anterior cingulate, and anterior insula. Second, we found increases in frontoparietal attention and executive control networks and in the cerebellum. Finally, we found decreases in the default mode network. Our results identify subcortical and cortical networks designed for signal detection, attentional amplification, and perceptual processing that together can explain visual consciousness. These findings provide evidence that understanding consciousness can be reframed as requiring multiple overlapping brain networks to produce consciousness of visual events4.

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“…We performed a cluster-based permutation test to identify clusters of electrodes with spindle features higher than the mean across electrodes for each age group. 78, 79, 80 . To do so, for each subject in each age group, we a) subtracted the mean spindle value across channels from the value at each channel, resulting in positive and negative deviations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normative sleep spindle database and findings from 772 healthy children from birth through 18 years

Kwon

Walsh

Berja

et al. 2022

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Work in the last two decades has identified sleep spindles, discrete 'sigma band' oscillations during stage 2 sleep, as a key oscillatory mechanism required for off-line memory consolidation. Although, sleep spindles are known to evolve concomitant with brain maturation and reflect cognitive function across the lifespan, the details of this developmental trajectory are unknown. To address this, we curated a database of sleep electroencephalograms from 772 developmentally normal children to characterize spindles from birth through 18 years. After validating an automated spindle detector against ~20,000 hand-marked spindles across ages, we demonstrate that sleep spindle features follow distinct age-specific patterns in distribution, rate, duration, frequency, estimated refractory period, and inter-hemispheric spindle lag. These data expand our current knowledge of normal physiological brain development and provide a large normative database to detect deviations in sleep spindles to aid discovery, biomarker development, and diagnosis in pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders.

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Early cortical signals in visual stimulus detection

Cited by 20 publications

References 80 publications

Human visual consciousness involves large scale cortical and subcortical networks independent of task report and eye movement activity

Human visual consciousness involves large scale cortical and subcortical networks independent of task report and eye movement activity

The major brain networks of human visual consciousness

Normative sleep spindle database and findings from 772 healthy children from birth through 18 years

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