2022
DOI: 10.3390/s22134976
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E-Taste: Taste Sensations and Flavors Based on Tongue’s Electrical and Thermal Stimulation

Abstract: Taste is a key sense that helps identify different food types and most of this work was carried out on primary tastes rather than generating different flavors. In this work, we proposed a plan to create other flavors rather than primary tastes, adjusted the electrical (40–180 µA) and thermal stimulation (20–38 °C and 38–20 °C), and revealed the digital coding for multi-flavors. Our results showed that different combinations of digital coding could generate different flavors and that tastes related to different… Show more

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Cited by 8 publications
(6 citation statements)
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References 33 publications
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“…However, after tasting the cinnamon-boiled water extract, it does not have a sweet taste, suggesting that cinnamon's ability to enhance sweetness in food or beverages with sugar may come from its sweet aroma. According to Ullah et al [12], the taste of a food or beverage can be elicited through its aroma, as the tongue can perceive flavors according to the provided aroma.…”
Section: The Potential Of Cinnamon-boiled Water As Taste Modifier Bas...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, after tasting the cinnamon-boiled water extract, it does not have a sweet taste, suggesting that cinnamon's ability to enhance sweetness in food or beverages with sugar may come from its sweet aroma. According to Ullah et al [12], the taste of a food or beverage can be elicited through its aroma, as the tongue can perceive flavors according to the provided aroma.…”
Section: The Potential Of Cinnamon-boiled Water As Taste Modifier Bas...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The device is simple to use, long-lasting, stable, consumes little power, and has controllability on odor concentration (Liu et al, 2023). For virtual taste incorporation in humans, a default setup consisting of a computer, control system, and tongue interface is required (Ullah et al, 2022). The computer directs the control system consisting of electrical and thermal parts to process the output current and temperature, respectively.…”
Section: Virtual Olfaction and Gustationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The electrodes are purposely coated with metallic silver (95% or 99.9%) due to their high conductivity and the inability to induce metallic sensation in human tongues. The Peltier element attached to the electrode applies thermal stimulation in a controllable manner up to 38 • C (Ullah et al, 2022). Initially, the tongue interface was like a thin wire, but eventual development in digital taste incorporation has led to the rise of tongue interface in the form of chopsticks, soup bowls, beverage glasses, coffee mugs, etc.…”
Section: Virtual Olfaction and Gustationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…E-noses can be used to detect and analyze the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are responsible for the aroma of coffee. By using an EN in combination with an ANN, it is possible to predict the quality and flavor of roasted coffee with a high degree of accuracy [111].…”
Section: Food Quality Managementmentioning
confidence: 99%