“…For example, actin and myosin, which link the desmotubule to the plasma membrane (PM) at the neck region of PD, are believed to play a role in regulating PD permeability by controlling PD aperture (White et al, 1994;Ding et al, 1996;Reichelt et al, 1999). Callose deposition can also impact the size of the PD aperture at the neck region (Radford et al, 1998;Levy et al, 2007) and callose synthase genes such as Glucan SynthaseLike7 (GSL7, also named CalS7), GSL8, and GSL12 have been shown to play a role in regulating symplastic trafficking (Guseman et al, 2010;Barratt et al, 2011;Vatén et al, 2011;Xie et al, 2011). Other proteins that have been shown to impact the structure and function of the PD include glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins, PD callose binding protein1 (PDCB1), which is also associated with callose deposition (Simpson et al, 2009), and LYSIN MOTIF DOMAIN-CONTAINING GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL-ANCHORED PROTEIN2, which limits the molecular flux through the PD by chitin perception (Faulkner et al, 2013).…”