Dysbiotic oral and gut viromes in untreated and treated rheumatoid arthritis patients

Abstract

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been considered to be influenced by bacteria from the oral cavity and gut for many years. Despite potential impact of viruses in RA was mentioned in some studies, specific roles of oral and gut viromes in RA is still unclear. Results: In this study, we observedthe viral community variation in the oral and gut samples, performeda comparative analysis of oral and gut viromes in health controls, untreated and treated RA patients,and constructed interaction networks among viruses, bacteria, and RA-associated clinical indexes to addressthe potential associations between viral community and RA. The results showed that the viromes could be isolated from dental plaque, saliva, and feces samples, among which the saliva having the highest within-sample diversity.Meanwhile, remarkable variations of viral diversity and composition in the oral (i.e., dental plaque and saliva)viromecould be observedin RA patients and healthy controls yet in untreated and treated RA patients, with a relatively low variability in the gut virome. Distraction of viruses-bacteria interaction network was discovered in three sites of RA patients. In addition, some RA-associatedoral taxa, including Lactococcus phage vOTU70, Bacteroides vulgatus, Lactococcus lactis, Escherichia coli, Neisseria elongate, were correlated to the RA-related clinical indexes. Conclusion: Whole-virome analysis illustrated the potential role of oral and gut viral communities in the development of RA.

A catalog of 48,425 nonredundant viruses from oral metagenomes expands the horizon of the human oral virome

“…Some ubiquitous viruses such as the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) that infect in the oral cavity can probably contribute to oral cancers ( Guidry et al., 2018 ), and the alterations of the oral viral community have been linked to a wide range of oral diseases such as periodontal disease ( Ly et al., 2014 ), lichen planus ( Carrozzo, 2008 ), and hand, foot, and mouth disease ( Ho et al., 2021 ). Also, our previous study had shown that the diversity and structure of saliva and dental plaque viromes were distinctly changed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and were correlated with their therapeutic plans ( Guo et al., 2021b ). In addition, longitudinal analysis had revealed that the oral virome of healthy subjects was highly diverse, individually specific, and temporally stable ( Abeles et al., 2014 ; Pride et al., 2012 ).…”

Meta-analysis of fecal metagenomes reveals global viral signatures and its diagnostic potential for colorectal cancer and adenoma

“…Viruses are crucial members of the microbial ecosystem in the human gut and are often underemphasized in early studies. In recent years, many studies have determined that several human systemic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease (8)(9)(10)(11), were associated with both gut bacteria and viruses. Although some studies pointed out the association between specific viruses and CRC (12)(13)(14)(15), only a few of them involved in the gut virome of CRC so far.…”