Dynamics of Reciprocal Pulsed Subsidies in Local and Meta-Ecosystems

Leroux, Shawn J.; Loreau, Michel

doi:10.1007/s10021-011-9492-0

Cited by 80 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Although small lake ecosystems are highly common in the Arctic, limited quantitative knowledge exists on how these low-productivity lakes are able to support relatively abundant fish populations. It has long been hypothesized that pulsed subsidies could significantly support ecosystems, at least locally (Yang et al 2010;Leroux and Loreau 2012). In low productivity highlatitude river ecosystems, terrestrial energy could be provided by small mammals such as rodents and shrews, which have pronounced population cycles (Lisi et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terrestrial prey fuels the fish population of a small, high-latitude lake

et al. 2015

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The significance of terrestrial carbon subsidies in lake ecosystems has been under active research, but the contribution of terrestrial energy to the highest trophic levels has been explored less frequently. Here, we examined the terrestrial energy contribution to the ingested and assimilated diet of introduced brown trout (Salmo trutta) in a small, high-latitude lake using stomach content, stable isotope and fatty acid analyses. Stomach content analysis of brown trout indicated a terrestrial contribution of 29 % during the open-water season. Terrestrial prey was mainly composed of rodents (23 % in volume), but also amphibians and terrestrial insects. A longer term estimate, obtained with a mixing model (SIAR) for liver and dorsal muscle stable isotopes from 2010 and 2011, revealed a terrestrial contribution of 68.5 and 63.5 %, respectively. Through a similar model, fatty acid analysis on 2011 samples estimated a contribution of 71.5 %. Despite the relatively high proportion of rodents in the trout ingested diet, no correlation was evident between the long-term rodent cycles and terrestrial energy contribution estimated with stable isotopes of muscle. Terrestrial prey were an important long-term energy source for fish in small highlatitude lake, but its contribution was not directly dependent on the availability of pulsed resources such as small mammals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terrestrial prey fuels the fish population of a small, high-latitude lake

et al. 2015

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“…By combining a pronounced elevation gradient with a mosaic of predator introductions, we are poised to deepen our understanding of how interactions between top-down and bottom-up forces regulate cross-system exchanges. In addition, the pronounced temporal variation in lake-land subsidy flows allows for an evaluation of how the timing and "pulsedness" (sensu Yang et al 2008) of reciprocal subsidies generate dynamic feedbacks between aquatic and terrestrial systems (Leroux and Loreau 2011;Richardson and Sato 2015). We hope that this synthesis spurs additional insight into the processes that drive food-web and ecosystem dynamics in complex landscapes.…”

Section: A Conceptual Model Of Reciprocal Linkages In California's Momentioning

confidence: 97%

“…While there is still relatively little empirical work on reciprocal subsidies (but see Greig et al 2012;Scharnweber et al 2014), recent theoretical studies have used the meta-ecosystem framework (Loreau et al 2003) as a foundation to explore the dynamics of ecosystems linked by reciprocal subsidies. These studies highlight the importance of the magnitude, composition, and timing of reciprocal subsidies in determining the structure and function of linked ecosystems (Gravel et al 2010;Leroux and Loreau 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Most studies of cross-ecosystem resource subsidies have focused on a single direction of resource flow, e.g., the transport of terrestrial organic matter into aquatic ecosystems (Caraco and Cole 2004). However, resources frequently move in both directions across habitat boundaries, and these reciprocal linkages can play an important role in determining the trophic structure of landscapes (Nakano and Murakami 2001;Baxter et al 2004;Leroux and Loreau 2011). Among the best studied cross-boundary resource flows are those between lakes and their surrounding catchments (Cole et al 1994del Giorgio et al 1999;Prairie et al 2002;Gratton et al 2008;Gratton and Vander Zanden 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation in reciprocal subsidies between lakes and land: perspectives from the mountains of California

Piovia‐Scott

Sadro

Knapp³

et al. 2016

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Lakes are connected to surrounding terrestrial habitats by reciprocal flows of energy and nutrients. We synthesize data from California's mountain lake catchments to investigate how these reciprocal subsidies change along an elevational gradient and with the introduction of a top aquatic predator. At lower elevations, well-developed terrestrial vegetation provides relatively large inputs of organic material to lakes, whereas at higher elevations, the paucity of terrestrial vegetation provides minimal organic input but allows for higher inputs of inorganic nitrogen. There are also pronounced elevational patterns in amphibians and aquatic insects, which represent important vectors for resource flows from lakes back to land. The introduction of trout can reduce this lake-to-land resource transfer, as trout consume amphibians and aquatic insects. We propose a conceptual model in which within-lake processes influence terrestrial consumers at higher elevations, while terrestrial inputs govern within-lake processes at lower elevations. This model contributes to a more general understanding of the connections between aquatic and terrestrial habitats in complex landscapes.Résumé : Les lacs sont reliés aux habitats terrestres qui les entourent par des flux réciproques d'énergie et de nutriments. Nous mettons en rapport des données tirées de bassins versants de lacs de montagne en Californie pour étudier les variations de ces apports réciproques le long d'un gradient altitudinal et après l'introduction d'un prédateur aquatique de niveau trophique supérieur. À basse altitude, une végétation terrestre bien développée fournit de relativement grands apports de matière organique aux lacs, alors qu'à plus haute altitude, la rareté de la végétation terrestre fournit peu d'apports organiques, mais permet des apports d'azote inorganique plus importants. Des variations altitudinales marquées sont également observées chez les amphibiens et les insectes aquatiques, qui représentent d'importants vecteurs pour les flux de ressources des lacs vers la terre. L'introduction de truites peut réduire ce transfert de ressources des lacs vers la terre, puisque les truites consomment des amphibiens et des insectes aquatiques. Nous proposons un modèle conceptuel dans lequel les processus internes des lacs influencent les consommateurs terrestres à plus haute altitude, alors que les apports terrestres régissent les processus internes des lacs de plus basse altitude. Ce modèle participe à une compréhension plus générale des liens entre les habitats aquatiques et terrestres dans des paysages complexes. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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“…Resource pulses have recently been defined as "rare, brief and intense episodes of increased resource availability in space and time" (Ostfeld & keesinGleaf litter input in autumn in decidual temperate forests) and others are purely stochastic in occurrence, duration, and amplitude (HOlt 2008;nOwlin et al 2008;levi et al 2015). Pulses can be caused by different factors: (1) climatic or environmental causes, (2) temporal accumulation and release, (3) spatial accumulation and release, (4) outbreak population dynamics (YanG et al 2008;lerOux & lOreau 2012). Studying these potentially structuring events is an important topic in the perspective of building a better collective understanding of the controversial climate change impact on extreme stormy events in the Southern European seas (Mölter et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of an experimental resource pulse on the macrofaunal assemblage inhabiting seagrass macrophytodetritus

2017

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ABSTRACT. Physical disturbances and resource pulses are major structuring drivers of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The accumulations of exported dead leaves from the Neptune grass, Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile are ephemeral and highly dynamic detrital habitats offering food sources and shelter for vagile macrofauna community. These habitats are frequently subject to wind and storms which can add "new" detrital material to previous accumulations; these can be defined as resource pulses and could potentially impact the associated macrofauna. This study assesses the impact of an experimental resource pulse on the macrofauna associated with exported P. oceanica litter accumulations. The experimental design consisted of two pulse treatments (the addition of dead leaves with and without the associated fauna), and two controls (one procedural, and one total control), where the added material was left underwater for 14 days. Invertebrates then present in the sampled detritus were all identified and counted. Our data suggest that the responses of these invertebrates to resource pulses present intermediate characteristics between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems responses. Inputting a moderate amount of dead P. oceanica leaves into experimental mesocosms had a non-negligible impact and rapidly affected the macrofauna community. Specialist detritivores species were boosted while herbivore/detritivore species dramatically decreased. Predators also showed a modest but significant density increase, demonstrating the fast propagation of the pulse response throughout the entire community and through several trophic levels. Strict hypoxia-tolerant species were also only observed in the treated mesocosms, indicating the strong influence of resource pulses on physico-chemical conditions occurring inside litter accumulations.

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Dynamics of Reciprocal Pulsed Subsidies in Local and Meta-Ecosystems

Cited by 80 publications

References 45 publications

Terrestrial prey fuels the fish population of a small, high-latitude lake

Terrestrial prey fuels the fish population of a small, high-latitude lake

Variation in reciprocal subsidies between lakes and land: perspectives from the mountains of California

Effects of an experimental resource pulse on the macrofaunal assemblage inhabiting seagrass macrophytodetritus

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