Dynamics of mild strombolian activity on Mt. Etna

Pering, Tom D.; Tamburello, Giancarlo; McGonigle, Andrew J. S.; Aiuppa, Alessandro; James, Michael; Lane, S. J.; Sciotto, Mariangela; Cannata, Andrea; Patané, Domenico

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.12.013

Cited by 28 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Whilst the UV imaging of ash rich plumes has been acheived, yielding interesting insights into ash phase plume dynamics [48], the reduction in optical thickness caused by ash in these cases rules out the retrieval of SO 2 emissions. Interestingly, these explosive UV camera studies typically point toward the non-explosive release of gas as being the dominant means by which these volcanoes release volatiles to the atmosphere [21,[49][50][51][52][53][54], especially for basaltic open conduit cases, such as Etna and Stromboli in Italy, where gas bubbles are free to move through the melt. Indeed, in the Stromboli case, degassing was partitioned as 77% passive gas release (e.g., from spherical bubbles), 16% from puffing, e.g., from cap bubbles, and with only 7% from explosions, e.g., from gas slugs (Taylor bubbles) [49].…”

Section: Improving the Spatio-temporal Resolution Of Volcanic Degassingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, during a study of rapid (0.25 Hz) strombolian activity on Mt. Etna, explosive data were plotted on a scatter plot of repose time following the event vs. event mass [51]. An absence of large mass, long repose time data were noted, which was interpreted as being due to coalescence of adjacent rising slugs, e.g., leading to a longer repose interval before the arrival of the next distinct slug, and constituting the first direct empirical evidence of slug interaction in volcanic conduits.…”

Section: Combination Of Uv Camera Degassing Data With Geophysical Datmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ultraviolet Imaging of Volcanic Plumes: A New Paradigm in Volcanology

et al. 2017

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Ultraviolet imaging has been applied in volcanology over the last ten years or so. This provides considerably higher temporal and spatial resolution volcanic gas emission rate data than available previously, enabling the volcanology community to investigate a range of far faster plume degassing processes than achievable hitherto. To date, this has covered rapid oscillations in passive degassing through conduits and lava lakes, as well as puffing and explosions, facilitating exciting connections to be made for the first time between previously rather separate sub-disciplines of volcanology. Firstly, there has been corroboration between geophysical and degassing datasets at ≈1 Hz, expediting more holistic investigations of volcanic source-process behaviour. Secondly, there has been the combination of surface observations of gas release with fluid dynamic models (numerical, mathematical, and laboratory) for gas flow in conduits, in attempts to link subterranean driving flow processes to surface activity types. There has also been considerable research and development concerning the technique itself, covering error analysis and most recently the adaptation of smartphone sensors for this application, to deliver gas fluxes at a significantly lower instrumental price point than possible previously. At this decadal juncture in the application of UV imaging in volcanology, this article provides an overview of what has been achieved to date as well as a forward look to possible future research directions.

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Section: Improving the Spatio-temporal Resolution Of Volcanic Degassingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Combination Of Uv Camera Degassing Data With Geophysical Datmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet Imaging of Volcanic Plumes: A New Paradigm in Volcanology

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Whilst UV imaging of ash rich plumes has been acheived, yielding interesting insights into the ash phase plume dynamics [46], the reduction in optical thickness caused by ash in these cases, rules out retrieval of SO2 emissions. Interestingly, these explosive UV camera studies typically point towards non-explosive release of gas as being the dominant means by which these volcanoes release volatiles to the atmosphere [21,[47][48][49][50][51][52], especially for basaltic open conduit cases, such as Etna and Stromboli, where gas bubbles are free to move through the melt. In particular, Tamburello et al [47] reported that, for Stromboli volcano, degassing was partitioned as 77% passive gas release (e.g., from spherical bubbles), 16% from puffing, e.g., from cap bubbles and with only 7% from explosions, e.g., from gas slugs (Taylor bubbles).…”

Section: Improving Spatio-temporal Resolution Of Volcanic Degassingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, during a study of rapid (0.25 Hz) strombolian activity on Mt. Etna, explosive data were plotted on a scatter plot of repose time following the event vs. event mass [49]. An absence of large mass, long repose time data were noted, which was interpreted as being due to coalescence of adjacent rising slugs, e.g., leading to a longer repose interval before the arrival of the next distinct slug, and constituting the first direct empirical evidence of slug interaction in volcanic conduits.…”

Section: Combination Of Uv Camera Degassing Data With Geophysical Datmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet Imaging of Volcanic Plumes: A New Paradigm in Volcanology

McGonigle¹,

Pering²,

Wilkes³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Ultraviolet imaging has been applied in volcanology over the last ten years or so. This provides considerably higher temporal and spatial resolution volcanic gas emission rate data than available previously, enabling the volcanology community to investigate a range of far faster plume degassing processes, than achievable hitherto. To date this has covered rapid oscillations in passive degassing through conduits and lava lakes, as well as puffing and explosions, facilitating exciting connections to be made for the first time between previously rather separate sub disciplines of volcanology. Firstly, there has been corroboration between geophysical and degassing datasets at ≈ 1 Hz expediting more holistic investigations of volcanic source-process behaviour. Secondly, there has been the combination of surface observations of gas release, with fluid dynamic models (numerical, mathematical and laboratory) for gas flow in conduits, in attempts to link subterranean driving flow processes to surface activity types. There has also been considerable research and development concerning the technique itself, covering error analysis and most recently adaptation of smartphone sensors for this application, to deliver gas fluxes at a significantly lower instrumental price point than possible previously. At this decadal juncture in the application of UV imaging in volcanology, this article provides an overview of what has been achieved to date as well as a forward look to potential future research directions, in particular covering the first use of UV cameras to generate volcanic gas composition ratio imagery.

show abstract

“…Combining geophysical and degassing data in this way provides scope for a far more holistic system understanding than a discrete analysis of the individual datasets, as first demonstrated on such time frames using spectroscopic gas flux data [20]. In addition, these high temporal resolution data enable a comparison against mathematical and numerical models of underground gas flow processes, providing new insights into the subterranean fluid dynamics, which drive surficial activity [8,21,22]. Much attention has also been directed towards scrutinising the data processing routines and considering sources of error in SO 2 camera retrievals (e.g., [8,[23][24][25][26][27]), related to light dilution, plume speed determination, and the calibration procedure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low-Cost Smartphone Sensor-Based UV Camera for Volcanic SO2 Emission Measurements

et al. 2017

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Recently, we reported on the development of low-cost ultraviolet (UV) cameras, based on the modification of sensors designed for the smartphone market. These units are built around modified Raspberry Pi cameras (PiCams; ≈USD 25), and usable system sensitivity was demonstrated in the UVA and UVB spectral regions, of relevance to a number of application areas. Here, we report on the first deployment of PiCam devices in one such field: UV remote sensing of sulphur dioxide emissions from volcanoes; such data provide important insights into magmatic processes and are applied in hazard assessments. In particular, we report on field trials on Mt. Etna, where the utility of these devices in quantifying volcanic sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) emissions was validated. We furthermore performed side-by-side trials of these units against scientific grade cameras, which are currently used in this application, finding that the two systems gave virtually identical flux time series outputs, and that signal-to-noise characteristics of the PiCam units appeared to be more than adequate for volcanological applications. Given the low cost of these sensors, allowing two-filter SO 2 camera systems to be assembled for ≈USD 500, they could be suitable for widespread dissemination in volcanic SO 2 monitoring internationally.

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Dynamics of mild strombolian activity on Mt. Etna

Cited by 28 publications

References 46 publications

Ultraviolet Imaging of Volcanic Plumes: A New Paradigm in Volcanology

Ultraviolet Imaging of Volcanic Plumes: A New Paradigm in Volcanology

Ultraviolet Imaging of Volcanic Plumes: A New Paradigm in Volcanology

A Low-Cost Smartphone Sensor-Based UV Camera for Volcanic SO2 Emission Measurements

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