Dynamics of heat shock protein responses to thermal stress changes after metamorphosis in a lepidopteran insect

Abstract

In the last decade, unexpected high temperatures have been frequent in spring and early summer. Numerous studies have shown that such thermal stress has substantial effects on lifehistory traits that influence fitness of insects, but few have examined expression dynamics of heat shock proteins (Hsps) across developmental stages, especially as regards potential carry-over effects at the transcriptional level across metamorphosis. We exposed pupae of the oriental fruit moth ("OFM," Grapholita molesta Busck) to mild heat stress (38°C, 6 h) and then quantified expression patterns of six Hsps (Hsp90, 70, 60, 40, 21, and 11) from pupal through adult stages. Almost all Hsps showed a higher expression immediately after pupae were heat-stressed, but later dropped to normal levels after metamorphosis. Although upregulation of Hsps is transient and the effects carry over longer to early adult stage, upregulation will nonetheless have positive effects on adult fitness. The fitness of some insects may benefit from higher expression of chaperon genes after mild stress, in the form of higher fecundity and longer lifespan, as a carry-over effect. These results suggest that mild thermal stress can change genetic expression that later boosts adult fitness through a cascade effect.

Biotoxicity Evaluation of a Cationic Star Polymer on a Predatory Ladybird and Cooperative Pest Control by Polymer-Delivered Pesticides and Ladybird

“…For drug metabolism, expression of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase ( UDPGT ) genes was disturbed, and this metabolic pathway leads to the formation of metabolites originating from normal dietary processes, cellular catabolism, or exposure to drugs and xenobiotics. , The xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase ( XDH ) gene encodes a key enzyme for purine degradation, and upregulated XDH contributes to the generation of reactive oxygen species to lead to cell injury . Meanwhile, as a marker gene for resisting environmental stress, the heat shock protein 70 ( Hsp70 ) gene was also upregulated significantly, , and endonuclease G, mitochondrial ( Endog ) gene participating in site-specific cleavage during replication stress and genome-wide DNA degradation during apoptosis, was also upregulated after SPc treatment. , Finally, we performed qRT-PCR analysis of related genes, and their expression levels were in accordance with transcriptome results (Figure ).…”

Temperature-Dependent Development Models Describing the Effects of Temperature on the Development of the Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

“…The weight of pupae was determined using a high-precision semi-analytical balance (Ohaus Corporation, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05840, Republic of Korea) 48 h after pupation. The growth rate was determined according to the method reported by Gotthard et al [30] Before statistical analysis, the variables for the homogeneity of group variances and normality were evaluated using Levene's and Shapiro-Wilk tests, respectively [31]. The development duration at the six constant temperatures was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05).…”

Contrasting effects of acute heat shock on physiological and ecological performance of the fall armyworm

“…At organismal level, sustained exposure to heat stress has fitness consequences due to injuries at cellular level mediated by protein denaturation (Chown & Nicolson, 2004). Injuries sustained can manifest acutely within the same organisms or, in some cases, may appear in subsequent developmental stages and/or generations (Lu et al, 2014; Su et al, 2021). For example, exposure of larval Drosophila melanogaster Meigen to sub‐lethal heat stress resulted in both mutations and pupation failure (Cui et al, 2008).…”