Dynamics of Genetic and Maternal Effects in Mice

Rutledge, J. J.; Robison, O. W.; Eisen, E. J.; Legates, J.E.

doi:10.2527/jas1972.355911x

Cited by 92 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Outros autores consideraram melhores os modelos Brody (Nobre et al, 1987;Ludwig et al, 1981), Richards (Nobre et al, 1987;Goonewardene et al, 1981), von Bertalanffy (Oliveira et al, 2000) e logístico duplo (Koenen & Groen, 1996). O segundo melhor modelo, analisando-se somente o coeficiente de ajuste, foi o de Richards (Tabela 10), mas mostrou-se pouco satisfatório por apresentar o menor número de convergências (Tabela 9), o que, segundo Rutledge et al (1972) e Brown et al (1976, pode ser atribuído primeiramente à alta correlação entre os parâmetros k e m, apesar do coeficiente de ajuste geralmente superior, justificado pela flexibilidade do parâmetro m. Segundo Doren et al (1989), o modelo de Richards teria problemas de ajuste aos dados após o período de inflexão, que seria a transição da puberdade à idade adulta. Isso explicaria, em parte, o pequeno número de convergências obtido para a amostra, pois o ponto de inflexão estaria pouco definido, uma vez que a idade máxima de coleta de dados foi de dois anos e, a partir daí, provavelmente os animais continuaram a se desenvolver, implicando em perda de informações e afetando o cálculo do ponto de inflexão "real", justificando o acompanhamento dos animais até idades superiores a dois anos.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Estimativas de parâmetros de curvas de crescimento de bovinos Zebu, criados no estado de Pernambuco

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

RESUMO -Foram analisados dados de pesagem constantes no banco de dados de Controle de Desenvolvimento Ponderal da Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Zebu (ABCZ), referentes a 24.028 animais Zebu das raças Guzerá, Nelore e Nelore Mocho, nascidos entre 1960 e 2000, objetivando-se estimar parâmetros de curvas de crescimento por meio de equações não-lineares e verificar a influência de efeitos fixos e aleatórios sobre as estimativas. As pesagens ocorreram ao nascimento e em intervalos de 90 dias até dois anos de idade. Para análise dos dados de peso-idade, foram utilizados os seguintes modelos não-lineares: Brody, Gompertz, Logístico, Mitscherlich, von Bertalanffy, Richards e Logístico duplo. As fontes de variação estudadas no modelo misto foram sexo, propriedade, ano e mês de nascimento, tipo de sistema de criação e interação sexo*sistema de criação, como efeitos fixos, e reprodutor e mãe, como efeitos aleatórios. A equação Logística Dupla foi a que apresentou o melhor ajustamento e a Mitscherlich, o pior, segundo o número de convergências e o índice de ajuste. Os efeitos fixos mais influentes foram sexo, propriedade, ano e mês de nascimento e sistema de criação. O efeito aleatório mais influente foi o de mãe. A variabilidade encontrada pode possibilitar a exploração da modificação da curva de crescimento por meio de programas de melhoramento genético.Palavras-chave: Guzerá, modelo misto, modelos não-lineares, Nelore, Nelore Mocho, zebu Growth Curve Parameters for Zebu Breeds Raised at Pernambuco State, Northeastern BrazilABSTRACT -Weight records of 24.028 zebu animals from Guzerá, Nelore, and Polled Nelore breeds available from Brazilian Association of Zebu Breeders (ABCZ) database were used to estimate growth curve parameters. The measures were taken on animals which were born between 1960 and 2000, every three months, from birth to 24 months of age. Non-linear Brody, Gompertz, Logistic, Mitscherlich, von Bertalanffy, Richards, and Double Logistic models including sex, farm, year of birth, month of birth, raising system, and interaction sex*raising system as fixed effects and sire and dam, as random effects were compared. Considering the number of iterations for convergence and the adjustment criteria, Double Logistic was the best fitting model and the Mitscherlich was the worst one. The most important fixed effects were sex, farm, year of birth, month of birth and raising system. The major random effect was the dam effect. The variability observed in this study indicates the possibility of changing the growth curve by a breeding program.

show abstract

Section: Resultsunclassified

Estimativas de parâmetros de curvas de crescimento de bovinos Zebu, criados no estado de Pernambuco

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Maternal effects in mammals are well described from a variance components perspective in both captive (Rutledge et al 1972;Wilson and Reale 2006) and natural populations (Wilson et al 2005;Mcadam 2009;Wilson and Festa-Bianchet 2009). These studies have shown that they are often one of the largest components of variation for traits expressed early in life, with effects generally eroding after weaning (see Wilson and Festa-Bianchet 2009 for a review of persistence), but often persisting at a low level into adulthood (e.g., Riska et al 1984Riska et al , 1985Cowley et al 1989;Jarvis et al 2005;Casellas et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maternal effects are especially well documented in mice (Legates 1972;Rutledge et al 1972;Cheverud et al 1983;Riska et al 1984Riska et al , 1985, although most studies are limited to estimations of postnatal effects identified using experimental cross-fostering after birth (but see Brumby 1960, Cowley et al 1989, Atchley et al 1991, and Rhees et al 1999 for exceptions). Postnatal effects have also been shown to be an important component of phenotypic variation in the population of mice used in this study (Kramer et al 1998), and experimental crosses suggest that prenatal effects are also important (Jarvis et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling Prenatal and Postnatal Maternal Genetic Effects Reveals Persistent Prenatal Effects on Offspring Growth in Mice

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mothers are often the most important determinant of traits expressed by their offspring. These "maternal effects" (MEs) are especially crucial in early development, but can also persist into adulthood. They have been shown to play a role in a diversity of evolutionary and ecological processes, especially when genetically based. Although the importance of MEs is becoming widely appreciated, we know little about their underlying genetic basis. We address the dearth of genetic data by providing a simple approach, using combined genotype information from parents and offspring, to identify "maternal genetic effects" (MGEs) contributing to natural variation in complex traits. Combined with experimental cross-fostering, our approach also allows for the separation of pre-and postnatal MGEs, providing rare insights into prenatal effects. Applying this approach to an experimental mouse population, we identified 13 ME loci affecting body weight, most of which (12/13) exhibited prenatal effects, and nearly half (6/13) exhibiting postnatal effects. MGEs contributed more to variation in body weight than the direct effects of the offsprings' own genotypes until mice reached adulthood, but continued to represent a major component of variation through adulthood. Prenatal effects always contributed more variation than postnatal effects, especially for those effects that persisted into adulthood. These results suggest that MGEs may be an important component of genetic architecture that is generally overlooked in studies focused on direct mapping from genotype to phenotype. Our approach can be used in both experimental and natural populations, providing a widely practicable means of expanding our understanding of MGEs.

show abstract

“…Parental effects are components of offspring phenotype that are the result of the parental phenotype and the parental environment (Rutledge et al 1972;Kirkpatrick and Lande 1989;Rossiter 1996). Such effects may be due to allocation of parental products (e.g., parental hormones or enzymes); effects of social, physiological, and ecological environment provided by parents (e.g., nest or mate choice, body condition); and the interactions of these factors (Cheverud and Moore 1994;Bernardo 1996;Rossiter 1996;Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Sexual Size Dimorphism in the House Finch. V. Maternal Effects

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The phenotype of a mother and the environment that she provides might differentially affect the phenotypes of her sons and daughters, leading to change in sexual size dimorphism. Whereas these maternal effects should evolve to accommodate the adaptations of both the maternal and offspring generations, the mechanisms by which this is accomplished are rarely known. In birds, females adjust the onset of incubation (coincident with the first egg or after all eggs are laid) in response to the environment during breeding, and thus, indirectly, determine the duration of offspring growth. In the two house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus) populations that breed at the extremes of the species' distribution (Montana and Alabama), females experience highly distinct climatic conditions during nesting. We show that in close association with these conditions, females adjusted jointly the onset of incubation and the sequence in which they produced male and female eggs and consequently modified the growth of sons and daughters. The onset of incubation in newly breeding females closely tracked ambient temperature in a pattern consistent with the maintenance of egg viability. Because of the very different climates in Montana and Alabama, females in these populations showed the opposite patterns of seasonal change in incubation onset and the opposite sex bias in egg-laying order. In females with breeding experience, incubation onset and sex bias in laying order were closely linked regardless of the climatic variation. In nests in which incubation began with the onset of egg laying, the first-laid eggs were mostly females in Montana, but mostly males in Alabama. Because in both populations, male, but not female, embryos grew faster when exposed to longer incubation, the sex-bias produced highly divergent sizes of male and female juveniles between the populations. Overall, the compensatory interaction between the onset of incubation and the sex-biased laying order achieved a compromise between maternal and offspring adaptations and contributed to rapid morphological divergence in sexual dimorphism between populations of the house finch breeding at the climatic extremes of the species range.

show abstract

Dynamics of Genetic and Maternal Effects in Mice

Cited by 92 publications

References 13 publications

Estimativas de parâmetros de curvas de crescimento de bovinos Zebu, criados no estado de Pernambuco

Estimativas de parâmetros de curvas de crescimento de bovinos Zebu, criados no estado de Pernambuco

Disentangling Prenatal and Postnatal Maternal Genetic Effects Reveals Persistent Prenatal Effects on Offspring Growth in Mice

The Evolution of Sexual Size Dimorphism in the House Finch. V. Maternal Effects

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About