Dynamic urea bond for the design of reversible and self-healing polymers

Ying, Hanze; Zhang, Yanfeng; Cheng, Jianjun

doi:10.1038/ncomms4218

Cited by 755 publications

(615 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…More generally, the multiscale interplay between elasticity and plasticity that we identified here in a prototypical hierarchical biomaterial opens up the possibility for the rational design of synthetic materials and hydrogels that mimic the extreme toughness and flexibility of living matter (54,55). An attractive approach is to incorporate dynamic covalent bonds (56) or a judicious balance of hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties (57) into hierarchically self-assembling peptides (58) to achieve stimuli-responsive remodeling at multiple structural length scales.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibrin Networks Support Recurring Mechanical Loads by Adapting their Structure across Multiple Scales

Kurniawan

Vos

Biebricher

et al. 2016

Biophysical Journal

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Tissues and cells sustain recurring mechanical loads that span a wide range of loading amplitudes and timescales as a consequence of exposure to blood flow, muscle activity, and external impact. Both tissues and cells derive their mechanical strength from fibrous protein scaffolds, which typically have a complex hierarchical structure. In this study, we focus on a prototypical hierarchical biomaterial, fibrin, which is one of the most resilient naturally occurring biopolymers and forms the structural scaffold of blood clots. We show how fibrous networks composed of fibrin utilize irreversible changes in their hierarchical structure at different scales to maintain reversible stress stiffening up to large strains. To trace the origin of this paradoxical resilience, we systematically tuned the microstructural parameters of fibrin and used a combination of optical tweezers and fluorescence microscopy to measure the interactions of single fibrin fibers for the first time, to our knowledge. We demonstrate that fibrin networks adapt to moderate strains by remodeling at the network scale through the spontaneous formation of new bonds between fibers, whereas they adapt to high strains by plastic remodeling of the fibers themselves. This multiscale adaptation mechanism endows fibrin gels with the remarkable ability to sustain recurring loads due to shear flows and wound stretching. Our findings therefore reveal a microscopic mechanism by which tissues and cells can balance elastic nonlinearity and plasticity, and thus can provide microstructural insights into cell-driven remodeling of tissues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibrin Networks Support Recurring Mechanical Loads by Adapting their Structure across Multiple Scales

Kurniawan

Vos

Biebricher

et al. 2016

Biophysical Journal

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“…Apart from DA reactions there are some other possibilities, such as "dynamic urea bonds" [149] can be exploited for self-healing purpose.…”

Section: Diels-alder Reaction (Intrinsic)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in fiber/matrix interphase engineering for polymer composites

Karger‐Kocsis

Mahmood

Pegoretti

2015

Progress in Materials Science

454

239

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This review summarizes the recent (from year 2000) advancements in the interphase tailoring of fiber-reinforced polymer composites. The scientific and technological achievements are classified on the basis of the selected strategies distinguishing between i) interphase tailoring via sizing/coating on fibers, ii) creation of hierarchical fibers by nanostructures, iii) fiber surface modifications by polymer deposition and iv) potential effects of matrix modifications on the interphase formation. Special attention was paid to report on efforts dedicated to the creation on (multi)functional interphase in polymer composites. This review is round up by listing current trends in the characterization and modelling of the interphase. In the final outlook, future opportunities and challenges in the engineering of fiber/matrix interphase are summarized.

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“…In that case, Cheng and co-workers presented a poly (urea-urethane) that was able to self-heal due to the reversibility of the dynamic urea bonds. 35 Nevertheless, the investigated substances were soft materials with poor mechanical properties (a Young's modulus of ca. 1 MPa at room temperature).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic self-healing polymers with a high E-modulus based on dynamic reversible urea bonds

et al. 2017

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The straightforward synthesis of a urea polymer network is presented. Commercially available monomers are polymerized using light-induced polymerization, resulting in networks crosslinked by hindered urea molecules. These moieties are reversible and, thus, can be converted into the starting compounds (that is, isocyanate and amine) by a simple thermal treatment. This process is monitored using differential scanning calorimetry as well as Raman and infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, the self-healing ability of these polymer networks is investigated using scratch-healing tests as well as bulk-healing investigations using tensile testing. The resultant materials have a high E-modulus, are able to heal scratches at temperatures above 70°C multiple times and their mechanical properties can be partially regenerated. The underlying healing mechanism is based on the reversible opening of the urea bonds and exchange reactions between two functional groups, which were confirmed from a spectroscopic analysis. In summary, these new materials are a new type of intrinsically healable polymers and provide a first step toward hard and healable polymers.

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Dynamic urea bond for the design of reversible and self-healing polymers

Cited by 755 publications

References 49 publications

Fibrin Networks Support Recurring Mechanical Loads by Adapting their Structure across Multiple Scales

Fibrin Networks Support Recurring Mechanical Loads by Adapting their Structure across Multiple Scales

Recent advances in fiber/matrix interphase engineering for polymer composites

Intrinsic self-healing polymers with a high E-modulus based on dynamic reversible urea bonds

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