Dynamic programming for new energy vehicles based on their work modes Part II: Fuel cell electric vehicles

Zhou, Wei; Yang, Lin; Cai, Yunze; Ying, Tianxing

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.10.048

Cited by 105 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…One of the most common methods which focuses on the optimal control of nonlinear, time-variant, constrained, discrete-time approximations for continuous-time dynamic models is deterministic DP. Such DP tools have been already employed successfully in the energy management problem of different HEVs [10,11,46]. In this work, the MATLAB function introduced in [10] is utilized to solve the discrete-time optimal-control problem using DP algorithm.…”

Section: Dynamic Programming With Two Control Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The former is not suitable for real-time purposes owing to the necessity to know the driving cycle in advance, but nevertheless is highly helpful for defining the optimal policy. Depending on the purpose of the project, dynamic programming (DP) (as an optimal theory-based strategy) [10,11] and metaheuristic algorithms, such as genetic algorithm (GA) [12], (as near optimal strategies) have been abundantly used for the development of off-line global EMSs. Real-time strategies have been also formulated by using optimal theory-based methods, such as quadratic programming (QP) [13], Pontryagin's minimum principle (PMP) [14], and equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) [15] with respect to the formulation of the cost function.…”

Section: Introduction 1motivation and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating the impact of ageing and thermal management of a fuel cell system on energy management strategies

et al. 2020

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This paper studies the impact of two significant aspects, namely fuel cell (FC) degradation and thermal management, over the performance of an optimal and a rule-based energy management strategy (EMS) in a fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle (FCHEV). To do so, firstly, a vehicle model is developed in simulation environment for a low-speed FCHEV composed of a FC stack and a battery pack. Subsequently, deterministic dynamic programming (DP), as an optimal strategy, and bounded load following strategy (BLFS), as a common rule-based strategy, are utilized to minimize the hydrogen consumption while respecting the operating constraints of the power sources. The performance of the EMSs is assessed in different scenarios. The first objective is to clarify the effect of FC stack degradation on the performance of the vehicle. In this regard, each EMS determines the required current from the FC stack for two FCs with different levels of degradation. The second objective is to evaluate the thermal management contribution in improving the performance for the new FC compared to the considered cases in scenario one. In this respect, each strategy deals with determining two control variables (FC current and cooling fan duty cycle). The results of this study indicate that negligence of adapting to the PEMFC health state, as the PEMFC gets aged, can increase the hydrogen consumption up to 24.8% in DP and 12.1% in BLFS. Moreover, the integration of temperature dimension into the EMS can diminish the hydrogen consumption by 4.1% and 5.3% in DP and BLFS respectively.

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Section: Dynamic Programming With Two Control Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction 1motivation and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the impact of ageing and thermal management of a fuel cell system on energy management strategies

et al. 2020

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“…However, it is impossible to develop internal combustion engines with zero emissions (Manjunath and Gross 2017). Fuel cell-based electric vehicles are another emerging and promising technology, but the market price of fuel cells is still quite high (Zhou et al 2018). It is very important to estimate the potential of each possible technique to reduce emissions based on the research expenditure and social acceptance variables (Cantle and Bernstein 2015).…”

Section: Threat Of Indirect C Emissions: Electric Vehiclementioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Electric Vehicles on Indirect Carbon Emissions and the Role of Engine Posttreatment Emission Control Strategies

Kurien

Kumar

2019

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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Electricity generation in developing countries is dependent on fossil fuel–based thermal power plants, and the introduction of electric vehicles will only shift the threat of emissions from the operation stage to the energy generation stage. India is one of the developing countries in South Asia where fossil fuel–based power plants make major contributions to electricity generation. In this paper, a detailed review of the challenges faced by electric vehicles is discussed, and an analysis was conducted on the equivalent C emissions from electric vehicles by considering 3 scenarios in India: 1) current electricity generation, 2) power generation considering the installed capacity, and 3) Vision 2022. Based on these 3 scenarios, the main objectives of this work are to understand the potential of electric vehicles to reduce the overall C emissions after considering the indirect C emissions from electricity generation and to highlight the importance of emission control techniques. Experimental investigations of the conversion efficiency of diesel oxidation catalysis (DOC) systems have been conducted for comparative studies. The results of the analysis showed that the indirect C emissions from electric vehicles are higher than the C emissions from internal combustion engines for scenarios 1 and 2. In scenario 3, the C emissions from electric and fossil fuel–powered vehicles are found to be in the same range. The DOC system had an average conversion efficiency of 56% for hydrocarbons and 59% for particle number emissions. The posttreatment emission control systems in internal combustion engines will be the best possible solution, compared to electric vehicles, for reducing overall vehicular emissions until renewable energy sources have a major share in electricity generation. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:234–244. © 2019 SETAC

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“…Particle swarm optimization, and ant colony optimization 6 . Optimization‐based EMS, including the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS), 7 Pontryagen minimum principle (PMP), 8 and dynamic programming (DP) 9,10 have been studied. Torreglosa et al 11 focused on a PEMFC‐battery ESS hybrid tramway served in Seville, Spain, with an ECMS for minimizing hydrogen fuel consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal energy management strategy of fuel‐cell battery hybrid electric mining truck to achieve minimum lifecycle operation costs

Feng

Dong

2020

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) electric vehicle is an effective solution for improving fuel efficiency and onboard emissions, taking advantage of the high energy density and short refuelling time. However, the higher cost and short life of the PEMFC system and battery in an electric vehicle prohibit the fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) from becoming the mainstream transportation solution. The fuel efficiency‐oriented energy management strategy (EMS) cannot guarantee the improvement of total operating costs. This paper proposes an EMS to minimize the overall operation costs of FCEVs, including the cost of hydrogen fuel, as well as the cost associated with the degradations of the PEMFC system and battery energy storage system (ESS). Based on the PEMFC and battery performance degradation models, their remaining useful life (RUL) models are introduced. The control parameters of the EMS are then optimized using a meta‐model based global optimization algorithm. This study presents a new optimal control method for a large mining truck operating on a real closed‐road operation cycle, using the combined energy efficiency and performance degradation cost measures of the PEMFC system and lithium‐ion battery ESS. Simulation results showed that the proposed EMS could improve the total operating costs and the life of the FCEV.

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Dynamic programming for new energy vehicles based on their work modes Part II: Fuel cell electric vehicles

Cited by 105 publications

References 20 publications

Investigating the impact of ageing and thermal management of a fuel cell system on energy management strategies

Investigating the impact of ageing and thermal management of a fuel cell system on energy management strategies

Impact of Electric Vehicles on Indirect Carbon Emissions and the Role of Engine Posttreatment Emission Control Strategies

Optimal energy management strategy of fuel‐cell battery hybrid electric mining truck to achieve minimum lifecycle operation costs

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