Dynamic Coding for Flexible Cognitive Control

Stokes, Mark G.; Buschman, Timothy J.; Miller, Earl K.

doi:10.1002/9781118920497.ch13

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…By employing decoding, state‐space modeling and optogenetics, this work has revealed unprecedented new insights into the neuronal mechanism governing WM. While these new results reveal a complex mixture of underlying mechanisms, these findings are compatible with established cognitive frameworks of WM . Here, we propose that PA acts as the mechanism for representing and maintaining memoranda that are in the focus of attention (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…While these new results reveal a complex mixture of underlying mechanisms, these findings are compatible with established cognitive frameworks of WM. 35,57,58,66,67 Here, we propose that PA acts as the mechanism for representing and maintaining memoranda that are in the focus of attention (Fig. 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Single‐neuron recordings have also provided new insight into the executive control of WM . For example, during a delayed oculomotor response task, animals need to keep track of the part of the task they are in (encoding, maintenance, and go).…”

Section: Task Sets and Executive Control Of Wmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Single-neuron recordings have also provided new insight into the executive control of WM. 58 For example, during a delayed oculomotor response task, animals need to keep track of the part of the task they are in (encoding, maintenance, and go). While animals require extensive experience to learn a new task set, humans can do so immediately following verbal instruction even for novel tasks.…”

Section: Task Sets and Executive Control Of Wmmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Between persistently active and activity‐silent frameworks: novel vistas on the cellular basis of working memory

Kamiński

Rutishauser

2019

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Recent work has revealed important new discoveries on the cellular mechanisms of working memory (WM). These findings have motivated several seemingly conflicting theories on the mechanisms of short‐term memory maintenance. Here, we summarize the key insights gained from these new experiments and critically evaluate them in light of three hypotheses: classical persistent activity, activity‐silent, and dynamic coding. The experiments discussed include the first direct demonstration of persistently active neurons in the human medial temporal lobe that form static attractors with relevance to WM, single‐neuron recordings in the macaque prefrontal cortex that show evidence for both persistent and more dynamic types of WM representations, and noninvasive neuroimaging in humans that argues for activity‐silent representations. A key insight that emerges from these new results is that there are several neural mechanisms that support the maintenance of information in WM. Finally, based on established cognitive theories of WM, we propose a coherent model that encompasses these seemingly contradictory results. We propose that the three neuronal mechanisms of persistent activity, activity‐silent, and dynamic coding map well onto the cognitive levels of information processing (within focus of attention, activated long‐term memory, and central executive) that Cowan's WM model proposes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Task Sets and Executive Control Of Wmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Task Sets and Executive Control Of Wmmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Between persistently active and activity‐silent frameworks: novel vistas on the cellular basis of working memory

Kamiński

Rutishauser

2019

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…We observed persistent activity during the delay period only at the population level but not at individual cells (Stokes, 2015;Stokes et al, 2017). Prior modeling studies have emphasized the role of persistent activity of prefrontal neurons in the representation of decisions in working memory (Bernacchia et al, 2011;Daie et al, 2015;Soltani et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Lateralized role of prefrontal cortex in guiding orienting behavior

Mohebi

Oweiss

2020

Preprint

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Orienting movements are essential to sensory-guided reward-seeking behaviors. Prefrontal cortex (PFC) is believed to exert top-down control over a range of goal-directed behaviors and is hypothesized to bias sensory-guided movements. However, the nature of PFC involvement in controlling sensory-guided orienting behaviors has remained largely unknown. Here, we trained rats on a delayed two-alternative forced-choice task requiring them to hold an orienting decision in working memory before execution is cued. Medial PFC (mPFC) Inactivation using either Muscimol or optogenetics impaired choice behavior. However, optogenetic impairment depended on the specific trial epoch during which inactivation took place. In particular, we found a lateralized role for mPFC during the presentation of instruction cues but this role became bilateral when inactivation occurred later in the delay period. Electrophysiological recording of multiple single-unit activity further provided evidence that this lateralized selectivity is cell-type specific. Our results suggest a previously unknown role of mPFC in mediating sensory-guided representation of orienting behavior and a potentially distinct celltype specific role in shaping such representation across time.

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Spatio–temporal patterns of cognitive control revealed with simultaneous electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging

Hinault

Larcher

Zazubovits

et al. 2018

Human Brain Mapping

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Optimal performance depends in part on the ability to inhibit the automatic processing of irrelevant information and also on the adjusting the level of control from one trial to the next. In this study, we investigated the spatio–temporal neural correlates of cognitive control using simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography, while 22 participants (10 women) performed a numerical Stroop task. We investigated the spatial and temporal dynamic of the conflict adaptation effects (i.e., reduced interference on items that follow an incongruent stimulus compared to after a congruent stimulus). Joint independent component analysis linked the N200 component to activation of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the conflict slow potential to widespread activations within the fronto–parietal executive control network. Connectivity analyses with psychophysiological interactions and dynamic causal modeling demonstrated coordinated engagement of the cognitive control network after the processing of an incongruent item, and this was correlated with better behavioral performance. Our results combined high spatial and temporal resolution to propose the following network of conflict adaptation effect and specify the time course of activation within this model: first, the anterior insula and inferior frontal gyrus are activated when incongruence is detected. These regions then signal the need for higher control to the ACC, which in turn activates the fronto–parietal executive control network to improve the performance on the next trial.

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Dynamic Coding for Flexible Cognitive Control

Cited by 22 publications

References 74 publications

Between persistently active and activity‐silent frameworks: novel vistas on the cellular basis of working memory

Between persistently active and activity‐silent frameworks: novel vistas on the cellular basis of working memory

Lateralized role of prefrontal cortex in guiding orienting behavior

Spatio–temporal patterns of cognitive control revealed with simultaneous electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging

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