Dynamic centrifugal compressor model for system simulation

Jiang, Wei; Khan, Jamil A.; Dougal, Roger A.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.10.093

Cited by 76 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…A head loss occurs where it is assumed that the kinetic energy of the component of the velocity vector tangential to the nozzle of the fluid entering the nozzle is destroyed. [3] This velocity component appears as V N|| in Figure 2 …”

Section: Incident Lossmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…A "blade loading loss" in conjunction with the one-dimensional channel loss is needed to account for the observed head loss. [2,7] From [3] 24…”

Section: Blade-loading Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition the fluid pushes on the leading surface of each blade essentially An expression for the loss is derived. The fluid velocity through the clearance is linked to the pressure difference across the clearance through a expression given in [3,7] 2 2…”

Section: Blade-leakage Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and validation of a radial inflow turbine model for simulation of the SNL S-CO2 split-flow loop.

Vilim¹

2012

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A one-dimensional model for a radial inflow turbine has been developed for super-critical carbon dioxide (S-CO 2 ) Brayton cycle applications. The model accounts for the main phenomena present in the volute, nozzle, and impeller of a single-stage turbine. These phenomena include internal losses due to friction, blade loading, and angle of incidence and parasitic losses due to windage and blade-housing leakage. The model has been added as a component to the G-PASS plant systems code.The model was developed to support the analysis of S-CO 2 cycles in conjunction with small-scale loop experiments. Such loops operate at less than a MWt thermal input. Their size permits components to be reconfigured in new arrangements relatively easily and economically. However, the small thermal input combined with the properties of carbon dioxide lead to turbomachines with impeller diameters of only one to two inches. At these sizes the dominant phenomena differ from those in larger more typical machines. There is almost no treatment in the literature of turbomachines at these sizes. The present work therefore is aimed at developing turbomachine models that support the task of S-CO 2 cycle analysis using small-scale tests.Model predictions were compared against data from an experiment performed for Sandia National Laboratories in the split-flow Brayton cycle loop currently located at Barber-Nichols Inc. The split-flow loop incorporates two turbo-alternator-compressor (TAC) units each incorporating a radial inflow turbine and a radial flow compressor on a common shaft. The predicted thermodynamic conditions at the outlet of the turbine on the main compressor shaft were compared with measured values at different shaft speeds. Two modifications to the original model were needed to better match the experiment data. First, a representation of the heat loss from the volute downstream of the sensed inlet temperature was added. Second, an empirical multiplicative factor was applied to the Euler head and another to the head loss to bring the predicted outlet pressure into better agreement with the experiment. These changes also brought the overall efficiency of the turbine into agreement with values cited by Barber Nichols for small turbines.

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Section: Incident Lossmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…A "blade loading loss" in conjunction with the one-dimensional channel loss is needed to account for the observed head loss. [2,7] From [3] 24…”

Section: Blade-loading Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and validation of a radial inflow turbine model for simulation of the SNL S-CO2 split-flow loop.

Vilim¹

2012

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“…Whereas, unlike axial compressors, centrifugal compressors change the direction of the fluid from parallel to vertical orientation of the rotor as shown in Figure 10. Mechanical and thermodynamic modeling of the centrifugal compressor are available in [19][20][21][22]. External characteristics of a centrifugal compressor can be described by its speed, mass flow, pressure and efficiency.…”

Section: Dynamic Compressorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of an Ultrahigh-Speed Centrifugal Compressor for the Air Management of Fuel Cell Systems

Zhao

Blunier

Gao

et al. 2014

IEEE Trans. on Ind. Applicat.

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Fuel cell is a power supply system, which takes advantage of the electro-chemical reaction between oxygen and hydrogen to produce electricity with water as its byproduct. Due to their lower pollution and high efficiency compared with fossil fuels, fuel cell systems are under extensive development for many power applications. Compared with high temperature fuel cells (such as molten carbonate fuel cells or solid oxide fuel cells), the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is more suitable for automotive applications because of its low temperature working condition, thereby a fast startup.Air compressor supplying the oxygen to the stack is an important component in the fuel cell systems. The compressor can consumes up to 20 % of the generated power in the most severe cases. The selecting of the compressor and corresponding control are directly related to the performance of the fuel cell. The size and weight of the air compressor has to be reduced to make them more feasible for automotive applications. Moreover, the control of the air compression system is also an important issue, which affects the efficiency and the safety of the fuel cell. To avoid oxygen starvation of the stack, the mass flow of the supplied air has to be controlled appropriately according to the load demand. Meanwhile, the pressure should not have large deviations or ripples which may damage the stack membrane.In this thesis, the requirements to the compressor for fuel cell applications are discussed. And several kinds of compressor are compared, including positive displacement types and dynamic superchargers. In the view of compactness, an ultra-high speed, up to 280,000 rpm, centrifugal compressor is adopted. The centrifugal compressor which is a kind of dynamics superchargers converts the kinetic energy of the air to the pressure. Compared with positive displacement compressors, it has the advantages of compactness, high efficiency and low noise, making it more suitable for automotive applications. However, the difficulty of the control as well as the surge iv constraint obstructs its industrial implementation for fuel cells.In this dissertation, The model of the air compression system is developed and the coupling between the model inputs and outputs are analyzed. The compressor map is measured and then fitted by a two hidden layer neural network model. The relative gain array (RGA) method is used for the coupling analysis. It shows that the coupling degree varies as the operation point changes because of the nonlinearity of the system. The second part of this work focuses on solving the control problems to adapt the centrifugal compressor to the fuel cell system. The objective is to control the mass flow and pressure simultaneously according to the fuel cell load demand. The problem lies in the coupling between the mass flow control and pressure control because the variations of one variable will also lead to the deviation of the other one. The interaction between the two control loops declines the performance of the fuel cell...

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“…Designing and evaluating better controllers requires a fairly accurate model of system performance. In [3] modeling of centrifugal compressors to have active control on surge has been discussed. However, less research has been done on compressor modeling, in a gas pressure boost system to control anti-surge, along with its lateral elements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Intelligent Model for Predicting the Effect of Some Effective Parameters on Anti-Surge Control in Centrifugal Compressors

Shirazi¹

2017

IRATJ

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To prevent the destructive surge phenomenon in centrifugal compressors, we usually choose the surge control line in a prudent manner, which in turn cause in reducing the efficiency of compressor and results in increasing energy consumption of its actuator. It requires a roughly accurate model of system performance to design an optimum controller. In this paper we introduce a model based on artificial neural networks. It gets the compressor RPM, anti-surge valve state, temperatures, compressor gas output flow rate and its upstream pressure as inputs. We have used the measurements conducted by cybernetics laboratory of Norway University from a centrifugal compressor installed in a gas processing plant as our dataset. We have achieved better results in predicting the system output in comparison to mathematical model based on state equations.

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Dynamic centrifugal compressor model for system simulation

Cited by 76 publications

References 2 publications

Development and validation of a radial inflow turbine model for simulation of the SNL S-CO2 split-flow loop.

Development and validation of a radial inflow turbine model for simulation of the SNL S-CO2 split-flow loop.

Control of an Ultrahigh-Speed Centrifugal Compressor for the Air Management of Fuel Cell Systems

An Intelligent Model for Predicting the Effect of Some Effective Parameters on Anti-Surge Control in Centrifugal Compressors

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