This report summarizes recent technical work of the Applied and Computational Sciences Division of the Information Technology Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Part I (Overview) provides a high-level overview of the Division's activities, including highlights of technical accomplishments during the previous year. Part II (Features) provides further details on three projects of particular note this year. This is followed in Part III (Project Summaries) by brief synopses of all technical projects active during the past year. Part IV (Activity Data) provides listings of publications, technical talks, and other professional activities in which Division staff members have participated. The reporting period covered by this document is October 2015 through December 2016.For further information, contact Ronald F. Boisvert, Mail Stop 8910, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8910, phone 301-975-3812, email boisvert@nist.gov, or Section Visualizations: The word cloud found at the start of each Part of this document was created using Wordle, http://www.wordle.net/, using the text of this document as input.Acknowledgements: Thanks to Lochi Orr for assisting in the compilation of Parts III and IV of this document. Thanks also to Brian Cloteaux and Michael Frey who each carefully read the manuscript and offered many corrections and suggestions for improvement.