DWT-based stereoscopic image watermarking

By reconsidering some 2D video inherited approaches and by adapting them to the stereoscopic video content and to the human visual system peculiarities, a new disparity map is designed. First, the inner relation between the left and the right views is modeled by some weights discriminating between the horizontal and the vertical disparities. Secondly, the block matching operation is achieved by considering a visual objective measure (NCC) instead of the traditional pixel differences (MSE or SAD). The processed corpus regroups 20 min of stereoscopic video sequences captured within the 3DLive French project (30000 stereo pairs). The new disparity map was benchmarked against two state-of-the-art algorithms, namely the NTSS and the FS-MPEG. The results exhibit quality gains in the reconstructed image between 5.67% and 5.37% in PSNR and between 7.58% and 4.63% in SSIM. The computational cost was reduced by factors between 1.3 and 13. This disparity map was finally integrated into a 3D-TV watermarking method.Keywords-3DTV disparity map, visual quality, watermarking I. PROBLEM STATEMENT In its widest acceptation, a disparity map provides information about the coordinates at which similar blocks are located in two images (the reference and target images). Hence, computing a disparity map requires to design a rule specifying how the reference blocks are searched for in a given area of the target image and to define a similarity metric establishing whether a reference block matches a target block. By exploiting the spatio/temporal correlation between successive frames in 2D video, several disparity maps have been advanced and proved their efficiency in various fields, like compression, indexing or segmentation. They generally assumed the differences between the target and reference frames being homogeneous in space.The Exhaustive Search (ES) [1] is widely used for block motion estimation in video coding, in order to determine effective similarity while providing minimal error estimation. However, for running the full search window, the algorithm requires a massive computation. Several fast algorithms were developed to reduce the computation time. Zeng and Liou [2] advanced the New Three Step Search (NTSS) algorithm, (Fig. 1.a) and showed that it provides smaller motion compensation errors comparing to the state of the art given by the Three Step Search [3], the 2D logarithmic search [4] and the conjugate directional search [5]. Zhu and Kuang [6] designed a Diamond Search algorithm achieving close performance to the NTSS algorithm in terms of reconstructed image quality and alleviating the computational constraints by a factor of 1.5. In all these studies, the block matching is based on measures of the differences between the two block pixels (Mean Square Error -MSE, Sum of Absolute Differences -SAD). (a) (b) Figure 1. NTSS (a) vs. 3DV-NTSS (b) searching areas.These principles inherited from the 2D video are commonly in use for stereoscopic video processing [7]- [9]. For instance, the study in Wang et al. [8] uses, a non-s...

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“…The 3DV-NTSS algorithm is further presented for groups of T adjacent pairs of frames, divided in N blocks of 16 16 × pixels:…”

Section: Advanced Method: 3dv-ntssmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under the framework of the 3DLive project, the disparity map is to be protected by means of the IProtect method [15], [16]. For the disparity map computation the same 3 prementioned algorithms were considered.…”

Section: A Corpusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive disparity map computation for stereoscopic video watermarking

Chammem

Mitrea

Prêteux

2012

2012 19th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS 2012)

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“…On the other hand digital watermarking schemes for SIR have also been presented in the literature [7,8,14,22]. These watermarking schemes are not directly valid for 3D watermarking due to the inherent problem of horizontal geometric [15] and color plus depth after rendering.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 98%

Secure digital watermarking using optimized improved spread spectrum and BCH coding for DIBR 3D-TV system

Bashir

Usman

Rehman

2015

Multimed Tools Appl

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Constantly decreasing cost and enhanced depth perception in 3D-TV technology makes it more popular in multimedia consumer market. With the widespread of 3D content, copyright protection is becoming a serious concern for maximizing the profits and preventing illegitimate acquisition and distribution of the 3D media content. Digital watermarking is one such promising technique to tackle this problem. This work provides a robust watermarking technique for 3D-TV. The proposed technique is based upon intelligent parameter selection using Genetic Algorithm in an improved spread spectrum based watermarking system. In order to enhance robustness, another layer of security of the watermark is added using Bose-Chadhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) coding. Experimental results and comparison with state of the art technique demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique to structure the watermark for high robustness in the presence of a number of hostile attacks.

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“…Many transform domain techniques exist; such as Discrete wavelet Transformation (DWT) or Discrete cosine transformation (DCT). [10][11][12][13][14] A. Discrete cos ine transforms (DCT)…”

Section: So Now the Above Equation Ismentioning

confidence: 99%

Watermarking for Depth Map Based 3D images using wavelet transform

Jaipuria¹

2014

2014 International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing

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3Dcontent p rotection, Effective di g ital watermarkin g systems will play a very important role for promoting and develo ping the 3D entertainment industry. 3Dima g es are used widely in medical ima g in g , virtual reality, computer aided desi g n and video g ames. Recently, different ty p es of 3D applications and the uses of 3D content are growing up, with the emer g in g of low cost 3D dis p lay devices. The main aim of this project is to present the efficient and robust watermarking scheme for Depth Map Based 3D ima g es. This method called depth-ima g e-based rendering (DIBR). To present the new system framework for p ro p osed 3D ima g e watermarkin g a pp roach. This paper focuses on the advantages of this new approach on 3D TV.In this paper, we propose a robust watermarking scheme for DIBR 3D images by quantization on wavelet transform coefficients with consideration of im p erce p tibility. Watermarkin g scheme is proposed for the content p rotection p roblem of DIBR 3D images.Index Terms-3D ima g es, di g ital watermarkin g , DIBR (de p th ima g e based renderin g ), wavelet transform

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DWT-based stereoscopic image watermarking

Abstract: International audienc

Cited by 18 publications

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Adaptive disparity map computation for stereoscopic video watermarking

Adaptive disparity map computation for stereoscopic video watermarking

Secure digital watermarking using optimized improved spread spectrum and BCH coding for DIBR 3D-TV system

Watermarking for Depth Map Based 3D images using wavelet transform

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