Durability of geopolymers and geopolymer concretes: A review

Abstract

Geopolymers are green materials with three-dimensional silicon and aluminum tetrahedral structures that can be serving as environmentally friendly construction materials and therefore have the potential to contribute to sustainable development. In this paper, the mechanism and research progress regarding the carbonation resistance, structural fire resistance, corrosion resistance, permeation properties and frost resistance of geopolymer concretes are reviewed, and the main problems with the durability of geopolymer concretes are discussed. Geopolymers possess the superb mechanic property and their compression strengths could be higher than 100 MPa. Generally, the higher the GPC strength, the better the carbonation-resistant. GPC has excellent fire resistance, due to geopolymers are acquired an inorganic skeleton which is affected by the alkali content, alkali cation, and Si/Ai ratio. There are a large number of Al-O and Si-O structures in geopolymers. Geopolymers do not react with acids at room temperature and can be used to make acid-resistant materials. Besides, GPC owning low porosity volume shows good resistance to permeability. The freezing-thawing failure mechanism of geopolymer concretes is mainly based on hydrostatic and osmotic pressure theory. GPC has poor frost resistance, and the freezing-thawing limit is less than 75 times.

Portland Versus Alkaline Cement: Continuity or Clean Break: “A Key Decision for Global Sustainability”

“…Although a detailed description of the durability of alkaline concretes (be they one-or two-part AABs) lies outside the scope of this article, for such a review would call for another paper of similar bibliographic amplitude, that property cannot be overlooked when pursuing maximum accuracy in environmental impact assessments. Further information on the durability of these materials can be found in the following references (Adam, 2009;Fernandez-Jimenez et al, 2007a;Fernández-Jiménez and Palomo, 2009;Kupwade-Patil and Allouche, 2012;Provis et al, 2014b;Miranda et al, 2005;Hossain et al, 2015;Arbi et al, 2016;Bačuvčík et al, 2017;Saravanakumar and Kalaivani, 2020;Wang et al, 2020;Tian Lingyu et al, 2021).…”

Examining Knowledge Diffusion in the Circular Economy Domain: a Main Path Analysis

“…The adoption of CE practices in construction activities can also foster environmental sustainability, particularly when CDW and asphalt shingle are recycled into new concrete or used to produce cement [ 6 , 153 ]. As a sector with vast potential to support the CE transition, the construction industry introduced geopolymers, representing green and alternative cement materials with reduced environmental impact and superior performance [ 10 , 99 ]. Overall, the focus of this cluster is on the necessity to establish a circular construction industry.…”

Effect of Alkali Concentration on Physico -Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Slag Based Geopolymer Cement.

“…The seawater chemical attack on concrete constituents is the reactions between sulphates, or chlorides, which are known as strong aggressive ions with hydration products of cement, due to certain products of cement can enter into deleterious reactions with Cland SO4 2ions, which causing Ca(OH)2 dissolution, then formation of chloroaluminate and sulphoaluminate, which resulting in expansion, softening, and cracking of concrete. Ground granulated blast furnace slag cement (GGBFS) is utilized in most of countries due to its characteristic attribute of improving chloride and sulphate resistance [19,32]. Some researchers studied the characteristics of GGBFS when mixed with different amounts of Na2O and SiO2.…”