Dual Stimulus-Dependent Effect ofOenothera paradoxaExtract on the Respiratory Burst in Human Leukocytes: Suppressing forEscherichia coliand Phorbol Myristate Acetate and Stimulating for Formyl-Methionyl-Leucyl-Phenylalanine

Abstract

Although a growing body of evidence suggests that plant polyphenols can modulate human immune responses, their simultaneous action on monocyte and neutrophil oxidative burst is currently poorly understood. Based on the hypothesis that various polyphenols contained in plant extracts might affect the oxidative burst of phagocytes, we evaluated the effects of ethanolic O. paradoxa extract polyphenols on monocyte and neutrophil oxidative burst in vitro activated by different stimuli, including opsonized bacteria E. coli, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). Samples were analyzed by the dihydrorhodamine flow cytometry assay. Our results showed that the extract repressed significantly and dose-dependently reactive oxygen species production in both cell types stimulated with E. coli and PMA (P < 0.05) and its inhibitory efficiency was stimulus- and cell-type-dependent. Interestingly, there was significant stimulatory effect of the extract on bursting phagocytes induced by fMLP (P < 0.05). Additionally, several flavonoids and phenolic compounds as well as penta-galloyl-β-(D)-glucose (PGG), the representative of hydrolyzable tannins, were identified in the 60% extract by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to electrospray ionization in negative ion mode. In summary, the ethanolic O. paradoxa extract, rich in flavonoids and phenolic compounds, exhibits dual stimulus-dependent effect on the respiratory burst in human leukocytes; hence, it might affect immune responses in humans.

Influence of polyphenols from olive mill wastewater on the gastrointestinal tract, alveolar macrophages and blood leukocytes of pigs

“…Our results are in agreement with previous researches in murine monocyte/macrophage cell line J774, where different doses of hydroxytyrosol were able to prevents macrophage activation (Maiuri et al 2005). Polyphenols exert a modulatory effect on inflammatory response also in leukocyte cultures (Derochette et al 2013;Burzynska-Pedziwiatr et al 2014). In fact, they are able to down-regulate the inflammatory response, preserving tissues from free radicals and inflammatory cascade (Denev et al 2014).…”

Polyphenol Extract from Evening Primrose (Oenothera paradoxa) Inhibits Invasion Properties of Human Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Cells

“…GA decreased matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 both at gene and protein level, resulting in the inhibition of migration and invasion capacity of melanoma cells, prostate, colon cancer, and glioma cells [ 9 , 10 , 12 , 15 ]. Several studies investigated the activity of the O. paradoxa extract in respect to penta- O -galloyl-β- d -glucose (PGG) [ 2 , 46 ], another bioactive compound that was shown to reveal anti-proliferative effects in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line [ 47 ]. Moreover, the conjugation of PGG with cisplatin enhanced the antitumor effect of chemotherapy in renal cancer cells [ 48 ].…”

“…The total polyphenol content (TPC) was calculated using the Folin–Ciocalteu method [ 2 ] and expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE) [ 28 ]. The EPE concentration range 0.01–1000 µg/mL was equivalent to 0.00208–208.24 µg GAE/mL, that means 0.01224–1224 µM GAE.…”

“…Although phytotherapy has been used in human cultures from ancient ages, a renewed interest has been observed in the last two to three decades. Phytochemicals demonstrate a wide range of biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory abilities, neuroprotection, antioxidant effect, and even cancer prevention and treatment [ 1 , 2 ]. Of particular interest are polyphenols that are abundantly detected in numerous extracts from selected plants.…”

Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antiviral Properties of Herbal Materials

“…The oil of primrose has been used for the treatment of MS disease due to its immune-modulating and anti-inflammatory effects. Based on the concentration of primrose, it can show different inhibitory effects against various bacteria (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) [ 266 , 267 , 268 ]. The EO of primrose contains gamma linolenic acid (GLA).…”