Dry matter production and nitrogen utilization in cropping systems with grass, lucerne and maize. 2. Nitrogen yield and utilization.

Spiertz, J.H.J.; Sibma, L.

doi:10.18174/njas.v34i1.16814

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…It was found that above-ground DM yields ranged from 13.4 to 19.8, from 13.4 to 18.1 and from 13.7 to 17.1 t ha −1 for grass, lucerne and maize, respectively (DM: dry matter). The associated N yields ranged from 413 to 452, from 392 to 577 and from 188 to 220 kg ha −1 (Spiertz and Sibma, 1986). Grass showed the highest productivity in the first year and lucerne in the last year.…”

Section: Arable Cropping Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen, Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security: A Review

Spiertz

2009

Sustainable Agriculture

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The impact of modern agriculture on natural resources has become a major global concern. Population growth and expanding demand for agricultural products constantly increase the pressure on land and water resources. A major point of concern for many intensively managed agricultural systems with high external inputs is the low resource-use efficiency, especially for nitrogen. A high input combined with a low efficiency ultimately results in environmental problems such as soil degradation, eutrophication, pollution of groundwater, and emission of ammonia and greenhouse gases. Evidently, there is a need for a transition of current agricultural systems into highly resource-use efficient systems that are profitable, but at the same time ecologically safe and socially acceptable. Here, opportunities to improve nitrogenuse efficiency in cropping and farming systems are analyzed and discussed. In the past and present, increased productivity of the major plant production systems has been derived from genetic improvement, and from greater use of external inputs such as energy, fertilizers, pesticides and irrigation water. Aiming at improving resource-use efficiencies, in high-input systems the focus should be on more yield with less fertilizer N. In low-input systems additional use of N fertilizer may be required to increase yield level and yield stability. Developing production systems that meet the goals of sustainable agriculture requires research on different scales, from single crops to diverse cropping and farming systems. It is concluded that N supply should match N demand in time and space, not only for single crops but for a crop rotation as an integrated system, in order to achieve a higher agronomic N-use efficiency. A combination of quantitative systems research, development of best practices and legislation will be needed to develop more environmentally-friendly agricultural systems. The growing complexity of managing N in sustainable agricultural systems calls for problem-oriented, interdisciplinary research. productivity / nitrogen-use efficiency / cropping systems / biodiversity / land use / environment

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Section: Arable Cropping Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen, Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security: A Review

Spiertz

2009

Sustainable Agriculture

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“…The presentation of the data is restricted to grass and maize with the highest nitrogen dressings and lucerne without nitrogen dressing. More data on the yield response to nitrogen are presented elsewhere (Spiertz & Sibma, 1986). Significances for total DM ha" 1 year" 1 : 1980: L3 < G3 1981: L2 < (G2 + G3)/2; L3=(G2 + G3)/2; L3=L2; L3=G3 1982: L1=L2=L3 > Gl > G2=G3 > or < = significant at 95% level; = = not significant at 95% level.…”

Section: Growth Patterns Of Grass and Lucernementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper deals with growth, forage yield and quality, distribu tion of dry matter, root/shoot-ratio, leaf characteristics and light interception. The data on nitrogen yield and nitrogen fixation will be presented and discussed in a sec ond paper (Sibma & Spiertz, 1986); that paper also includes the residual effects of the various cropping systems on the dry matter and nitrogen yield of the following crop maize.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry matter production and nitrogen utilization in cropping systems with grass, lucerne and maize. 1. Comparison of crop characteristics, growth and production.

Sibma¹,

Spiertz²

1986

NJAS

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DM production and crop characteristics of Medicago sativa were studied in comparison with Lolium perenne and maize under temperate conditions and various N applications. Annual DM yields of M. sativa ranged from 13.4 to 18.1 t/ha and were comparable to those of L. perenne and maize. However, the digestibility of M. sativa was lower than that of L. perenne cut for silage and that of maize. Despite significant differences in leaf:stem ratio, specific leaf area and LAI, full light interception was achieved with the same amount of DM for L. perenne and M. sativa. After defoliation by cutting, the time taken to regenerate a closed crop canopy did not differ. DM losses of M. sativa by root and shoot senescence were measured. The decline in tap root number was compensated for by the number of shoots per tap root. It was concluded that the yield potential of M. sativa could be improved by breeding for earlier cv. with a good persistence of roots and shoots. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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Primary Productivity and Biodiversity

Nair

2019

Intelligent Soil Management for Sustainable Agriculture

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Dry matter production and nitrogen utilization in cropping systems with grass, lucerne and maize. 2. Nitrogen yield and utilization.

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Nitrogen, Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security: A Review

Nitrogen, Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security: A Review

Dry matter production and nitrogen utilization in cropping systems with grass, lucerne and maize. 1. Comparison of crop characteristics, growth and production.

Primary Productivity and Biodiversity

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