Dry and wet weather microbial characterization of the Chicago area waterway system

Rijal, Geeta; Petropoulou, C.; Tolson, J. Keith; DeFlaun, Mary F.; Gerba, Charles P.; Gore, Radhika; Glymph, T.; Granato, Thomas C.; O’Connor, Catherine; Kollias, Louis; Lanyon, Richard I.

doi:10.2166/wst.2009.598

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…These results are similar to other studies that have been performed to determine the risk of GI disease associated with pathogens in other waterway systems in the United States that found wet weather conditions to increase risk (Donovan et al 2008). Wet weather and CSOs contribute elevated levels of bacteria, viruses and protozoa to receiving waters (Rijal et al 2009). As a result of wet weather impact being the largest source of microbial pathogen load to the CAWS, this study determined that disinfecting the effluents of three major WRPs that discharge to the CAWS would result in an extremely small reduction in the aggregate recreation season risk to incidental contact recreators.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Streams sampled in wet weather had significantly elevated levels of enterococci and faecal coliform (Tiefenthaler et al 2008). Together these studies support the findings that wet weather events are related to elevated levels of indicator and pathogenic organisms (Rijal et al 2009). …”

Section: Effect Of Effluent Disinfection On Caws Microbial Riskssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The wet weather levels are higher than those in the dry weather conditions. Perhaps more importantly, the outfall samples show lower levels of P. aeruginosa than the corresponding wet weather samples (Rijal et al 2009). This suggests that the major inputs for P. aeruginosa in the waterways are sources other than the WRP effluent.…”

Section: Non-gastrointestinal Microbial Risksmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In addition, indicator microorganisms (faecal coliform, E. coli, enterococci) typically present in the faeces of humans and other warm-blooded animals were included in the study as indicators of faecal pollution (Rijal et al 2009). …”

Section: Water Environment Research Foundation (Werf 2004)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Giardia and Cryptosporidium enumeration included both viable and non-viable cysts and total and infectious oocysts in the CAWS (Rijal et al 2009 The average adenovirus and norovirus concentrations were higher during reported pumping station (CSO) discharge events (Rijal et al 2009). …”

Section: Water Environment Research Foundation (Werf 2004)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbial risk assessment for recreational use of the Chicago Area Waterway System

Rijal

Tolson

Petropoulou

et al. 2011

Journal of Water and Health

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A microbial risk assessment was conducted to estimate the human health risks from incidental contact recreational activities such as canoeing, boating and fishing in the Chicago Area Waterway System (CAWS) receiving secondary treated, but non-disinfected, effluent from three municipal water reclamation plants. Actual concentrations of the pathogens (pathogenic E. coli [estimated], Giardia, Cryptosporidium, adenovirus, norovirus, enteric virus) detected from the waterway field data collection at locations upstream and downstream of the effluent outfall during dry and wet weather conditions within the recreation season were included in the risk assessment. The results under the current treatment scheme with no disinfection indicated that the total expected

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Effect Of Effluent Disinfection On Caws Microbial Riskssupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Non-gastrointestinal Microbial Risksmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Water Environment Research Foundation (Werf 2004)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Water Environment Research Foundation (Werf 2004)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Microbial risk assessment for recreational use of the Chicago Area Waterway System

Rijal

Tolson

Petropoulou

et al. 2011

Journal of Water and Health

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Hydrometeorological variables predict fecal indicator bacteria densities in freshwater: data-driven methods for variable selection

Jones

Liu

Dorevitch

2012

Environ Monit Assess

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Statistical models of microbial water quality inform risk management for water recreation. Current research focuses on resource-intensive, location-specific data collection and water quality modeling, but this approach may be cost-prohibitive for risk managers responsible for numerous recreation sites. As an alternative, we tested the ability of two data-driven models, tree regression and random forests with conditional inference trees, to select readily available hydrometeorological variables for use in linear mixed effects (LME) models predicting bacterial density. The study included the Chicago Area Waterway System (CAWS) and Lake Michigan beaches and harbors in Chicago, Illinois, at which Escherichia coli and enterococci were measured seasonally in 2007-2009. Tree regression node variables reduced data dimensionality by >50 %. Variable importance ranks from random forests were used in a forward-step selection based on R (2) and root mean squared prediction error (RMSPE). We found two to three variables explained bacteria densities well relative to random forests with all variables. LME models with tree- or forest-selected variables performed reasonably well (0.335 < R (2) < 0.658). LME models for Lake Michigan had good prediction accuracy with respect to the single sample maximum standard (72-77 %), but limited sensitivity (23-62 %). Results suggest that our alternative approach is feasible and performs similarly to more resource-intensive approaches.

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Human adenovirus spread, rainfalls, and the occurrence of gastroenteritis cases in a Brazilian basin

Rodrigues

Henzel

Staggemeier

et al. 2015

Environ Monit Assess

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Climate variables may interfere with the environmental persistence and spread of pathogenic microorganisms. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of human adenovirus (HAdV) and total and thermotolerant coliforms in treated and untreated water and report gastroenteritis cases in seven cities located in the hydrographic basin of the Sinos River (HBSR), Southern Brazil. The data on water quality from samples collected at catchment areas of HBSR from March to December 2011 were compared with precipitation records, virus detection rates and viral loads, and information on enteric diseases among residents of the region. There was a marked increase in precipitation intensity in April, July, and August and a decrease in May and November. The number of HAdV genome copies (gc) in untreated water ranged from 2.1×10(8) gc/L in June to 7.8×10(1) gc/L in December, and in treated water, from 6.3×10(4) gc/L in September to 4.1×10(1) gc/L in November. The most probable number (MPN) of total coliforms ranged from 5×10(1) MPN/100 mL in December to 2.4×10(5) MPN/100 mL in July, and thermotolerant coliforms ranged from 1×10(1) MPN/100 mL in August to 6.9×10(4) MPN/100 mL in July. A total of 79 hospital admissions due to gastroenteritis were registered in the cities studied. The results for coliforms in untreated water demonstrate deficits in sanitation and wastewater treatment. These findings also indicate a possible relationship between the occurrence of rainfalls after dry periods and an increase in the number of gastroenteritis cases and in HAdV load quantified in surface water collected for conventional potabilization.

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Dry and wet weather microbial characterization of the Chicago area waterway system

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

Microbial risk assessment for recreational use of the Chicago Area Waterway System

Microbial risk assessment for recreational use of the Chicago Area Waterway System

Hydrometeorological variables predict fecal indicator bacteria densities in freshwater: data-driven methods for variable selection

Human adenovirus spread, rainfalls, and the occurrence of gastroenteritis cases in a Brazilian basin

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