Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting

Abstract

Either nausea or vomiting is reported to affect, at most, 80 out of 100 people after surgery. If all 100 of these people are given one of the listed drugs, about 28 would benefit and 72 would not. Nausea and vomiting are usually less common and, therefore, drugs are less useful. For 100 people, of whom 30 would vomit or feel sick after surgery if given placebo, 10 people would benefit from a drug and 90 would not. Between one to five patients out of every 100 people may experience a mild side effect, such as sedation or headache, when given an antiemetic drug. Collaborative research should focus on determining whether antiemetic drugs cause more severe, probably rare, side effects. Further comparison of the antiemetic effect of one drug versus another is not a research priority.

Efficacy of Levosulpride in minimizing Post-operative Nausea and Vomiting after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

“…In a large study of 5000 patients by Apfel et al 21 (2008) showed a relative risk reduction of ~25% in the PONV in patients receiving antiemetics, including ondansetron, dexamethasone, and droperidol and compared to the one's without any antiemetic therapy. Similar results has also been observed with many other antiemetics in case control trials by Fortney et al 20 6 , of 737 studies involving 103,237 patients found that eight antiemetic agents tested were effective with a relative risk reduction in the range 20-40%. The benefit with injection levosulpiride 25 mg was a risk reduction of about 30%.…”

Efficacy of Levosulpride in minimizing Post-operative Nausea and Vomiting after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

“…In a large study of 5000 patients by Apfel et al 21 (2008) showed a relative risk reduction of ~25% in the PONV in patients receiving antiemetics, including ondansetron, dexamethasone, and droperidol and compared to the one's without any antiemetic therapy. Similar results has also been observed with many other antiemetics in case control trials by Fortney et al 20 6 , of 737 studies involving 103,237 patients found that eight antiemetic agents tested were effective with a relative risk reduction in the range 20-40%. The benefit with injection levosulpiride 25 mg was a risk reduction of about 30%.…”

Effect of ketorolac tromethamine combined with dezocine prior administration on hemodynamics and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic hernia repair

“…We found that the VAS of patients undergoing laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair was about 5 points at 1 hour after surgery, which also verified the previous report, [ 32 ] and the pain level could continue to 24 hours after surgery. Although follow-up found between groups there was no statistically significant difference related complications in patients with anesthesia, but we still need to pay attention to the laparoscopic assisted hernia repair surgery postoperative respiratory depression and the risk of nausea and vomiting is still as high as 10%, but our study is the relatively low incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting male patients, for female patients, [ 33 , 34 ] We estimate the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting to be higher than in our study. Since ketorolac tromethamine is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it may cause the risk of coagulation disorder in patients, [ 35 , 36 ] so we strengthened the follow-up awareness of postoperative hematoma at the surgical site of patients.…”

A comparative study of glycopyrrolate and dexamethasone in the control of postoperative nausea and vomiting after intrathecal fentanyl and bupivacaine for caesarean section

“…14,15 Carlisle and Stevenson in a Cochrane Review, calculated a risk ratio for dexamethasone of 0.48 (95% CI 0.43-0.54) for the prevention of PONV, similar to ondansetron [RR 0.56 (95% CI 0.50-0.62)]. 16 The IMPACT Group had similar findings and found that when combined with other antiemetics, dexamethasone had an additive effect and therefore was more effective. 17 In this study, none of the patients who received dexamethasone experienced side effects, and all patients expressed satisfaction.…”

Efficacy of Levosulpride in minimizing Post-operative Nausea and Vomiting after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

“…In a large study of 5000 patients by Apfel et al 21 (2008) showed a relative risk reduction of ~25% in the PONV in patients receiving antiemetics, including ondansetron, dexamethasone, and droperidol and compared to the one's without any antiemetic therapy. Similar results has also been observed with many other antiemetics in case control trials by Fortney et al 20 6 , of 737 studies involving 103,237 patients found that eight antiemetic agents tested were effective with a relative risk reduction in the range 20-40%. The benefit with injection levosulpiride 25 mg was a risk reduction of about 30%.…”

Effect of ketorolac tromethamine combined with dezocine prior administration on hemodynamics and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic hernia repair

“…We found that the VAS of patients undergoing laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair was about 5 points at 1 hour after surgery, which also verified the previous report, [ 32 ] and the pain level could continue to 24 hours after surgery. Although follow-up found between groups there was no statistically significant difference related complications in patients with anesthesia, but we still need to pay attention to the laparoscopic assisted hernia repair surgery postoperative respiratory depression and the risk of nausea and vomiting is still as high as 10%, but our study is the relatively low incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting male patients, for female patients, [ 33 , 34 ] We estimate the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting to be higher than in our study. Since ketorolac tromethamine is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it may cause the risk of coagulation disorder in patients, [ 35 , 36 ] so we strengthened the follow-up awareness of postoperative hematoma at the surgical site of patients.…”

A comparative study of glycopyrrolate and dexamethasone in the control of postoperative nausea and vomiting after intrathecal fentanyl and bupivacaine for caesarean section

“…14,15 Carlisle and Stevenson in a Cochrane Review, calculated a risk ratio for dexamethasone of 0.48 (95% CI 0.43-0.54) for the prevention of PONV, similar to ondansetron [RR 0.56 (95% CI 0.50-0.62)]. 16 The IMPACT Group had similar findings and found that when combined with other antiemetics, dexamethasone had an additive effect and therefore was more effective. 17 In this study, none of the patients who received dexamethasone experienced side effects, and all patients expressed satisfaction.…”

Efficacy of Levosulpride in minimizing Post-operative Nausea and Vomiting after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

“…In a large study of 5000 patients by Apfel et al 21 (2008) showed a relative risk reduction of ~25% in the PONV in patients receiving antiemetics, including ondansetron, dexamethasone, and droperidol and compared to the one's without any antiemetic therapy. Similar results has also been observed with many other antiemetics in case control trials by Fortney et al 20 6 , of 737 studies involving 103,237 patients found that eight antiemetic agents tested were effective with a relative risk reduction in the range 20-40%. The benefit with injection levosulpiride 25 mg was a risk reduction of about 30%.…”

Effect of ketorolac tromethamine combined with dezocine prior administration on hemodynamics and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic hernia repair

“…We found that the VAS of patients undergoing laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair was about 5 points at 1 hour after surgery, which also verified the previous report, [ 32 ] and the pain level could continue to 24 hours after surgery. Although follow-up found between groups there was no statistically significant difference related complications in patients with anesthesia, but we still need to pay attention to the laparoscopic assisted hernia repair surgery postoperative respiratory depression and the risk of nausea and vomiting is still as high as 10%, but our study is the relatively low incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting male patients, for female patients, [ 33 , 34 ] We estimate the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting to be higher than in our study. Since ketorolac tromethamine is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it may cause the risk of coagulation disorder in patients, [ 35 , 36 ] so we strengthened the follow-up awareness of postoperative hematoma at the surgical site of patients.…”

A comparative study of glycopyrrolate and dexamethasone in the control of postoperative nausea and vomiting after intrathecal fentanyl and bupivacaine for caesarean section

“…14,15 Carlisle and Stevenson in a Cochrane Review, calculated a risk ratio for dexamethasone of 0.48 (95% CI 0.43-0.54) for the prevention of PONV, similar to ondansetron [RR 0.56 (95% CI 0.50-0.62)]. 16 The IMPACT Group had similar findings and found that when combined with other antiemetics, dexamethasone had an additive effect and therefore was more effective. 17 In this study, none of the patients who received dexamethasone experienced side effects, and all patients expressed satisfaction.…”