Drugs – Do we need them? Applications of non-pharmaceutical therapy in anterior eye disease: A review

Dry eye syndrome: Therapeutic challenges and future trends

“…To quantify this bene it, patients were followed for 1, 3, 6, and 9 months, with the best results found in the lower eyelids, achieving success rates of 377.9%, 339.7%, 278.4%, and 147%, respectively. Regarding the upper eyelids, the most signi icant number found was 81.2% improvement [8][9][10][11]. A study developed by Vora, et al showed prolonged symptomatic relief in patients undergoing therapy, demonstrating that maintenance therapy is required only every 6-12 months.…”

“…, modulation and secretion of pro and anti-in lammatory molecules, suppression of matrix metalloproteases, and release of reactive oxidative species [1,3]. The most widely accepted hypothesis deals with thrombosis of abnormal blood vessels by transforming light absorbed by hemoglobin into heat, reducing the reserve of in lammatory mediators in the eyelid and meibomian glands [9][10][11]. The temperature of the eyelid physically in luences the meibum.…”

“…The temperature of the eyelid physically in luences the meibum. High temperatures increase its distribution in the cornea as a result of reduced viscosity, facilitating the clearance of glands and glandular expression [10][11][12]. Thus, the symptomatic improvement of dry eye is due to the restoration of the meibum during blinking.…”

“…There was an improvement in TFRT in 87% of patients undergoing seven therapeutic sessions and four maintenance sessions with IPL. Besides, subjective symptomatic improvement was observed in 93% of DES patients undergoing therapy [8,10,11,21]. In the study by Vora, et al 37 DES patients were treated with IPL and evaluated by the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI).…”

“…Decreased clinical signs of MGD, eyelid edema and improved meibum quality were found. Also, increased TFRT and better lipid layer distribution have been proven [10,11]. TFRT increased throughout IPL application, varying by 4.9 s, due to the qualitative improvement of the meibum and ease of expression of the glands [11.12].…”