Drugs and the Conditioned Avoidance Response

Effects of haloperidol and aripiprazole on the human mesolimbic motivational system: A pharmacological fMRI study

“…One might speculate that this is in line with the findings from the rodent CAR model, i.e. the rats are able to escape the shock, but they do not avoid it (Herz, 1960), but the sample size is too small to make these assumptions.…”

Effects of haloperidol and aripiprazole on the human mesolimbic motivational system: A pharmacological fMRI study

“…One might speculate that this is in line with the findings from the rodent CAR model, i.e. the rats are able to escape the shock, but they do not avoid it (Herz, 1960), but the sample size is too small to make these assumptions.…”

Disruptive effects of scopolamine on fear conditioning and on instrumental escape learning.

“…He subsequently demonstrated that this effect was due to the action of the drug in the CNS, in that methylatropine (a more potent peripheral blocking agent) did not disrupt learning of the discrimination (Whitehouse, Lloyd, & Fifer, 1964). Although no control groups given methylscopolamine were run in the present study, no deficits in aversive conditioning situations have been found with these drugs (Herz, 1960;Meyers, 1965;Meyers et al, 1964), which suggests that the deficits in the present study were due to actions in the CNS.…”

“…Acquisition of active and passive avoidance responses has been shown to be impaired by decreased acetylcholine (ACh) activity in the brain resulting from injections of scopolamine (Meyers, 1965;Meyers, Roberts, Riciputi, & Domino, 1964). Retention in the drugged state of an active avoidance response incompletely learned in the nondrugged state is also impaired, but there is no loss of a fully learned one (Funderburk & Case, 1947;Herz, 1960;Meyers et al, 1964). These findings suggest that decreased ACh activity results in poorer avoidance learning.…”

Modulation of Learning and Memory: Effects of Drugs Influencing Neurotransmitters

“…While this effect has been demonstrated primarily in experiments using a variety of active-avoidance tasks (Seiden and Hanson, 1964;Hanson, 1965;Rech et al, 1966), similar effects have been reported for passive avoidance and appetitive instrumental or runway approach tasks (Carlson et al, 1965;Iwahara et al, 1968). More extensive reviews of these findings are available elsewhere (Herz, 1960;Dews and Morse, 1961;Essman, 1971;Seiden et al, 1973).…”

Effects of haloperidol and aripiprazole on the human mesolimbic motivational system: A pharmacological fMRI study

“…One might speculate that this is in line with the findings from the rodent CAR model, i.e. the rats are able to escape the shock, but they do not avoid it (Herz, 1960), but the sample size is too small to make these assumptions.…”

Disruptive effects of scopolamine on fear conditioning and on instrumental escape learning.

“…He subsequently demonstrated that this effect was due to the action of the drug in the CNS, in that methylatropine (a more potent peripheral blocking agent) did not disrupt learning of the discrimination (Whitehouse, Lloyd, & Fifer, 1964). Although no control groups given methylscopolamine were run in the present study, no deficits in aversive conditioning situations have been found with these drugs (Herz, 1960;Meyers, 1965;Meyers et al, 1964), which suggests that the deficits in the present study were due to actions in the CNS.…”

“…Acquisition of active and passive avoidance responses has been shown to be impaired by decreased acetylcholine (ACh) activity in the brain resulting from injections of scopolamine (Meyers, 1965;Meyers, Roberts, Riciputi, & Domino, 1964). Retention in the drugged state of an active avoidance response incompletely learned in the nondrugged state is also impaired, but there is no loss of a fully learned one (Funderburk & Case, 1947;Herz, 1960;Meyers et al, 1964). These findings suggest that decreased ACh activity results in poorer avoidance learning.…”

Modulation of Learning and Memory: Effects of Drugs Influencing Neurotransmitters

“…While this effect has been demonstrated primarily in experiments using a variety of active-avoidance tasks (Seiden and Hanson, 1964;Hanson, 1965;Rech et al, 1966), similar effects have been reported for passive avoidance and appetitive instrumental or runway approach tasks (Carlson et al, 1965;Iwahara et al, 1968). More extensive reviews of these findings are available elsewhere (Herz, 1960;Dews and Morse, 1961;Essman, 1971;Seiden et al, 1973).…”

Effects of haloperidol and aripiprazole on the human mesolimbic motivational system: A pharmacological fMRI study

“…One might speculate that this is in line with the findings from the rodent CAR model, i.e. the rats are able to escape the shock, but they do not avoid it (Herz, 1960), but the sample size is too small to make these assumptions.…”

Disruptive effects of scopolamine on fear conditioning and on instrumental escape learning.

“…He subsequently demonstrated that this effect was due to the action of the drug in the CNS, in that methylatropine (a more potent peripheral blocking agent) did not disrupt learning of the discrimination (Whitehouse, Lloyd, & Fifer, 1964). Although no control groups given methylscopolamine were run in the present study, no deficits in aversive conditioning situations have been found with these drugs (Herz, 1960;Meyers, 1965;Meyers et al, 1964), which suggests that the deficits in the present study were due to actions in the CNS.…”

“…Acquisition of active and passive avoidance responses has been shown to be impaired by decreased acetylcholine (ACh) activity in the brain resulting from injections of scopolamine (Meyers, 1965;Meyers, Roberts, Riciputi, & Domino, 1964). Retention in the drugged state of an active avoidance response incompletely learned in the nondrugged state is also impaired, but there is no loss of a fully learned one (Funderburk & Case, 1947;Herz, 1960;Meyers et al, 1964). These findings suggest that decreased ACh activity results in poorer avoidance learning.…”

Modulation of Learning and Memory: Effects of Drugs Influencing Neurotransmitters

“…While this effect has been demonstrated primarily in experiments using a variety of active-avoidance tasks (Seiden and Hanson, 1964;Hanson, 1965;Rech et al, 1966), similar effects have been reported for passive avoidance and appetitive instrumental or runway approach tasks (Carlson et al, 1965;Iwahara et al, 1968). More extensive reviews of these findings are available elsewhere (Herz, 1960;Dews and Morse, 1961;Essman, 1971;Seiden et al, 1973).…”