Drug-Resistant Lice

Elston, Dirk M.

doi:10.1001/archderm.139.8.1061

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…30 In addition, slower kill times or knockdown responses with permethrin that were observed in bioassays for resistant lice were not necessarily predictive of clinical failure as the insecticide killed all the lice, albeit more slowly, at the end of the test. In clinical practice, longer exposure times could result in relatively good efficacy, even on ''resistant'' head lice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permethrin and malathion resistance in head lice: Results of ex vivo and molecular assays

Bouvresse

Berdjane

Durand

et al. 2012

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permethrin and malathion resistance in head lice: Results of ex vivo and molecular assays

Bouvresse

Berdjane

Durand

et al. 2012

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

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“…Topical insecticides based on insecticidal chemicals are still the mainstay of head lice treatment (Heukelbach and Feldmeier 2004), and resistance to the common over-thecounter pediculicides has been reported repeatedly by clinicians and confirmed by in vitro studies (Burkhart et al 1998;Burkhart and Burkhart 2006;Downs et al 2002;Elston 2003;Hunter and Barker 2003;Mumcuoglu et al 1995;Picollo et al 2000;Yoon et al 2003). Resistance is particularly frequent in countries where head lice are common and where chemical insecticides are extensively used, such as in the US, UK, Israel, and Australia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new shampoo based on neem (Azadirachta indica) is highly effective against head lice in vitro

2006

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Because topical compounds based on insecticidal chemicals are the mainstay of head lice treatment, but resistance is increasing, alternatives, such as herbs and oils are being sold to treat head lice. To test a commercial shampoo based on seed extract of Azadirachta indica (neem tree) for its in vitro effect, head lice (n=17) were collected from school children in Australia and immersed in Wash-Away Louse shampoo (Alpha-Biocare GmbH, Germany). Vitality was evaluated for more than 3 h by examination under a dissecting microscope. Positive and negative controls were a commercially available head lice treatment containing permethrin 1% (n=19) and no treatment (n=14). All lice treated with the neem shampoo did not show any vital signs from the initial examination after immersion at 5-30 min; after 3 h, only a single louse showed minor signs of life, indicated by gut movements, a mortality of 94%. In the permethrin group, mortality was 20% at 5 min, 50% at 15 min, and 74% after 3 h. All 14 head lice of the negative control group survived during the observation period. Our data show that Wash-Away Louse is highly effective in vitro against head lice. The neem shampoo was more effective than the permethrin-based product. We speculate that complex plant-based compounds will replace the well-defined chemical pediculicides if resistance to the commonly used products further increases.

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“…One hypothesis to explain the lack of reinfestation is that Nuvo has a longer-lasting effect because of properties apart from its suffocation action. Although immunologic concepts of louse protection were described previously, 26 it is unclear whether these explain the 94% remission rate with Nuvo treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Simple Treatment for Head Lice: Dry-On, Suffocation-Based Pediculicide

Pearlman¹

2004

Pediatrics

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ABSTRACT. Objectives. The emergence of drug-resistant lice has created the need for new therapies. This study assesses a new method without neurotoxins, extensive household cleaning, or nit removal.Methods. One hundred thirty-three subjects participated in 2 open clinical trials. In the first trial, 93 subjects completed treatment using a nontoxic, dry-on, suffocation-based, pediculicide lotion, minimal household cleaning measures, and physical removal of the nits. In the second trial, 40 subjects completed treatment using an identical protocol except that the nits were not removed. Head lice infestation was defined as a wet combing test showing lice. Cure was defined as a wet combing test showing no lice, with an absence of symptoms. Subjects were contacted 6 months later, for assessment of their disease status.Results. Cure was achieved for 97% of the patients in the first trial and 95% in the second trial. Remission at the follow-up assessment was reported for 77 of 82 subjects (94%) in the first trial and 36 of 38 subjects (95%) in the second trial. There was no statistical difference in cure rates or remission rates between the protocols with and without nit removal. The overall cure rate was 96%, with a remission rate of 94%. There were no adverse effects.Conclusions. Dry-on, suffocation-based, pediculicide lotion effectively treats head lice without neurotoxins, nit removal, or extensive house cleaning. These results are comparable or superior to the results previously reported for treatments with permethrin, pyrethrin, and malathion. Pediatrics 2004;114:e275-e279. URL: http: //www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/114/3/e275; lice, Pediculus humanus var capitis, resistance, permethrin, pyrethrin, malathion.ABBREVIATION. DSP, dry-on, suffocation-based pediculicide.

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Drug-Resistant Lice

Cited by 26 publications

References 27 publications

Permethrin and malathion resistance in head lice: Results of ex vivo and molecular assays

Permethrin and malathion resistance in head lice: Results of ex vivo and molecular assays

A new shampoo based on neem (Azadirachta indica) is highly effective against head lice in vitro

A Simple Treatment for Head Lice: Dry-On, Suffocation-Based Pediculicide

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