DRUG ADDICTION. IS IT A DISEASE OR IS IT BASED ON CHOICE? A REVIEW OF GENE HEYMAN'S <i>ADDICTION: A DISORDER OF CHOICE</i>

Branch, Marc N.

doi:10.1901/jeab.2011.95-263

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Important questions remain. For example, why are rules such as “just say no” so notoriously bad at reining in behavior (see Branch, ), but rules in the form of crosswalk signs are generally effective (Bennett, Manal, & Van Houten, )? Future analyses and experimental methods aimed at uncovering factors that determine when people will be rule‐followers or ‐breakers, how these patterns develop, and ways to increase rule‐following despite these patterns, may yield new and important results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Searching for the variables that control human rule‐governed “insensitivity”

Fox¹,

Kyonka²

2017

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Verbal rules or instructions often exert obvious and meaningful control over human behavior. Sometimes instructions benefit the individual by enabling faster acquisition of a skill or by obviating an aversive consequence. However, research has also suggested a clear disadvantage: "insensitivity" to changing underlying contingencies. The two experiments described here investigated the variables that control initial rule-following behavior and rule-following insensitivity. When the initial rule was inaccurate, behavior was consistent with the rule for approximately half of participants and all participants' behavior was mostly insensitive to changing contingencies. When the initial rule was accurate, behavior of all participants was consistent with it and behavior for nearly all participants was insensitive to changes in underlying contingencies. These findings have implications for how best to establish and maintain rule-following behavior in applied settings when deviant behavior would be more reinforcing to the individual.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Searching for the variables that control human rule‐governed “insensitivity”

Fox¹,

Kyonka²

2017

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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“…Statements like the above one are powerful because they are in agreement with what drug users had expressed that addiction was not a choice but rather triggered by their life circumstances where abuse, violence and despair drove them to escape from the reality surrounding their lives as a way to numb their suffering [ 50 , 51 ]. Such understanding of drug use fits well under a patient-centred care philosophy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

The role of an educational vignette to teach dental students on issues of substance use and mental health disorders in patients at the University of British Columbia: an exploratory qualitative study

2021

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Background Inverted classroom approaches and the use of vignettes have been suggested in health care education. The objective of this study was to use an educational vignette to discuss issues of stigma around substance use and mental disorders within undergraduate Doctor of Medicine in Dentistry (DMD) and Bachelor of Dental Science in Dental Hygiene (BDSc-DH) students at the University of British Columbia, Canada. Our research question was “how can an educational vignette, depicting a fictitious patient with a history of substance use and mental health disorders accessing dental care, promote an open dialogue about stigma?” Methods An educational vignette was developed based on individuals’ lived-experiences with a variety of substance use and/or mental health disorders. This vignette was used to generate in-class discussion involving all the DMD and BDSc-DH undergraduate students enrolled between 2015/16 and 2018/19 who attended a mandatory 2.5 h didactic session using an inverted classroom approach. Students were also encouraged to provide a post-class voluntary written reflection, between 200 and 300 words, around stigma. The authors took written field notes on students’ response to the vignette and used excerpts from students’ de-identified reflections to illustrate the impact of such an educational tool. Results A total of 323 DMD and BDSc-DH students attended the didactic sessions between 2015/16 and 2018/19, and 148 reflections were submitted over the same time period. The inverted classroom approached showed to be engaging and collaborative. The vignette promoted open dialogue and was determined to be a conducive tool to generate in-class discussion and reflection. Major themes from the textual data included ‘exploring power relations’ and ‘patient-centered care approach to counteract stigma’. The vignette also enabled the discussion of positive experiences characterized by empathy, reassurance and communication, although it might not have prompted all students to participate in class or in writing the reflections. Conclusion The inverted classroom approach and the vignette seemed to be an effective way to facilitate dialogue and reflection for most students. This study highlighted the need to explore innovative ways in which to continuously prepare current and future oral health care providers to professionally address the needs of patients with a history of substance use and/or mental health disorders.

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“…Current research shows that the truth is probably elsewhere: addiction often arises as part of complex processes that primarily involve close relationships (Dingle 2015). Branch (2011) argues that addiction is also largely influenced by the decision and will of the user. The deep-routed perception of addiction as a drug-related disease is not realistic according to scientific studies (Holden 2012).…”

Section: Release Of Legislationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Medication with Cannabis in the Czech Republic from an Anthropological Perspective

Bláhová¹,

Horák

Verter

2017

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Th is article is focused on the self-medication with cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) in the Czech Republic, exploring subjective perception of this treatment by ill persons and its sociocultural framework. It describes a situation when the state fails to eff ectively regulate medical cannabis and patients oft en seek practices of self-medication, which remains illegal in the country. An online questionnaire was done from January 1, 2017 to May 1, 2017, in deliberately selected volunteers approached via organizations providing comprehensive information about the issue. Th e study sample consists of 107 subjects, who used cannabis and its derivatives for self-medication. Using the Grounded theory approach, the results indicate that people who seek cannabis for self-medication in the Czech Republic consider it current legal regulation objectionable. Cannabis plants for self-medication are usually grown at home and people gain information about the treatment primarily online. Considering the experience of respondents, there are common practices of cannabis self-medication described in this article and their impact on the health status of the participants. It contains information useful for the organizations working with medical cannabis patients.KLÍČOVÁ SLOVA samoléčba; medicínská antropologie; léčebné konopí; cannabis; marihuana ABSTRAKT Tento článek se zabývá samoléčbou konopím (Cannabis sativa L.) v České republice se zaměřením na subjektivní rovinu jejího prožívání nemocnými a širší společenský rámec této terapie. Nahlíží aktuální situaci, kdy stát selhává v efektivní regulaci konopí jako léku a nemocní často přistupují k ilegální samoléčbě. Od 1. 1. 2017 do 1. 5. 2017 byl realizován on-line dotazníkový průzkum mezi záměrně vybranými dobrovolníky, jež byli osloveni prostřednictvím organizací, které poskytují souhrnné informace o této problematice. Výzkumný vzorek tvoří 107 nemocných, kteří užívali konopí a jeho deriváty za účelem samoléčby. Získané výpovědi byly analyzovány metodou zakotvené teorie. Výsledky výzkumu ukázaly, že nemocní, kteří v České republice vyhledávají konopnou samoléčbu považují současnou legální regulaci konopí za nevyhovující. Rostlinu si pro vlastní potřebu nejčastěji opatřují pěstováním a informace o léčbě získávají primárně na internetu. Článek se podrobněji zabývá specifiky konopné samoléčby a jejími dopady na zdravotní stav participantů výzkumu. Obsahuje informace užitečné pro organizace, které se věnují práci s pacienty užívajícími konopí k léčbě.

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DRUG ADDICTION. IS IT A DISEASE OR IS IT BASED ON CHOICE? A REVIEW OF GENE HEYMAN'S ADDICTION: A DISORDER OF CHOICE

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Searching for the variables that control human rule‐governed “insensitivity”

Searching for the variables that control human rule‐governed “insensitivity”

The role of an educational vignette to teach dental students on issues of substance use and mental health disorders in patients at the University of British Columbia: an exploratory qualitative study

Self-Medication with Cannabis in the Czech Republic from an Anthropological Perspective

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