Drones in B5G/6G Networks as Flying Base Stations

Amponis, Georgios; Lagkas, Thomas; Katsikas, Georgios P.; Xirofotos, Thanos; Moscholios, Ioannis D.; Sarigiannidis, Panagiotis

doi:10.3390/drones6020039

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…[nas] [debug] Selected integrity [2] ciphering[0] [nas] [debug] Registration accept received [nas] [info] UE switches to state [MM-REGISTERED/NORMAL-SERVICE] [nas] [info] Initial Registration is successful [nas] [info] Initial PDU sessions are establishing [nas] [debug] Sending PDU Session Establishment Request [nas] [debug] PDU Session Establishment Accept received [nas] [info] PDU Session establishment is successful PSI [app] [info] Connection setup for PDU session is successful…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, 5G communications increase data rates by orders of magnitude, whilst offering near real-time responsiveness and addressing a spectrum of newly introduced requirements [1]. As we discussed in [2], through 5G cellular connectivity we can assist the industrial and academic landscape in addressing important challenges, by narrowing them down two five main issues (e.g., energy, mobility, positioning, security, and offered Quality of Service (QoS)).…”

Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Threatening the 5G Core via PFCP DoS Attacks: The Case of Blocking UAV Communications

Amponis

Radoglou-Grammatikis

Lagkas

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The modern communications landscape requires reliable, high-speed, high- throughput and secure links and sessions between user equipment instances and the data network. The 5G core implements the newly defined 3GPP network ar- chitecture enabling faster connectivity, low latency, higher bit rates and network reliability. The full potential of this set of networks will support a set of critical Internet of Things (IoT) and industrial use cases. Nevertheless, several compo- nents and interfaces of the Next-Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) have proven to be vulnerable to attacks that can potentially obstruct the net- work’s capability to provide reliable end-to-end communication services. Various inherent security flaws and protocol-specific weaknesses have also been identified within the 5G core itself. However, little to no research has gone into testing and exposing said core-related weaknesses, contrary to those concerning the NG-RAN. In this paper, we investigate, describe, develop, implement and finally test a set of attacks on the Packet Forwarding Control Protocol (PFCP) inside the 5G core. We find that, by transmitting unauthorised session control packets, we were able to disrupt established 5G tunnels without disrupting subscribers’ connectivity to the NG-RAN, thus hindering the detection of said attacks. We evaluate the identi- fied PFCP attacks in a drone-based scenario involving 5G tunnelling between two swarms.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Threatening the 5G Core via PFCP DoS Attacks: The Case of Blocking UAV Communications

Amponis

Radoglou-Grammatikis

Lagkas

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Completing the resource-intensive applications on schedule is thus a critical problem. Moreover, the data gathered by small UAVs may be too large for a single UAV to process and store on-board while performing a monitoring task simultaneously [136]. It demands a significant amount of processing and storage capability.…”

Section: B Limited Energy Storage and Computation Capabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Swarm of UAVs for Network Management in 6G: A Technical Review

Khan

Kumar

Mohsan

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage.

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Fifth-generation (5G) cellular networks have led to the implementation of beyond 5G (B5G) networks, which are capable of incorporating autonomous services to swarm of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). They provide capacity expansion strategies to address massive connectivity issues and guarantee ultra-high throughput and low latency, especially in extreme or emergency situations where network density, bandwidth, and traffic patterns fluctuate. On the one hand, 6G technology integrates AI/ML, IoT, and blockchain to establish ultra-reliable, intelligent, secure, and ubiquitous UAV networks. 6G networks, on the other hand, rely on new enabling technologies such as air interface and transmission technologies, as well as a unique network design, posing new challenges for the swarm of UAVs.Keeping these challenges in mind, this article focuses on the security and privacy, intelligence, and energy-efficiency issues faced by swarms of UAVs operating in 6G mobile network. In this state-of-the-art review, we integrated blockchain and AI/ML with UAV networks utilizing the 6G ecosystem. The key findings are then presented, and potential research challenges are identified. We conclude the review by shedding light on future research in this emerging field of research.

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“…This is one of the most distinguishing characteristics of FANET enabling it to be suitable for trajectory control and optimization. Besides, power consumption [31], [32], localization [33], [34] and radio propagation models [35], [36] have been found as other critical factors with a huge impact on the performance of FANETs.…”

Section: Background Of Fanetmentioning

confidence: 99%