Driving flows in microfluidic paper-based analytical devices with a cholinium based poly(ionic liquid) hydrogel

Enhanced passive mixing for paper microfluidics

“…Traditionally, paper-based tests provided mainly qualitative, binary information, or semi-quantitative results at best. Recent advances in paper microuidics have raised the expectations, with many different functionalities, such as pumps, [14][15][16] timers, 17,18 valves, [19][20][21][22] gradient generators 23,24 and lters 25 being developed. The level of commercialization of paper-based devices, however, is still low, in spite of the above-mentioned merits.…”

Nanoconfined Crosslinked Poly(ionic liquid)s with Unprecedented Selective Swelling Properties Obtained by Alkylation in Nanophase-Separated Poly(1-vinylimidazole)-l-poly(tetrahydrofuran) Conetworks

“…Another class of imidazole-based polymers belongs to poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs), that is macromolecules with ionic liquid (IL) moieties. Due to the challenging tasks of the synthesis, revealing the structure–property relationships, and the broad range of special application possibilities, PILs have been intensively investigated in recent years (see e.g., references [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 ] and references therein). PILs may find applications in energy production as proton [ 57 ], electron [ 58 , 59 ], or Li-ion [ 60 , 73 ] conducting materials; as metal free [ 61 ] and metal containing [ 62 ] catalysts; gas separation membranes [ 63 , 64 ]; DNA isolation microspheres [ 65 ] etc.…”

“…The crosslinking usually takes place by copolymerizing IL monomers with conventional crosslinking agents, such as divinylbenzene and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate [ 43 , 69 , 70 , 71 ] or by bis-vinylimidazolium compounds [ 72 , 73 ]. In a few cases, low molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) di(meth)acrylate oligomers were used as crosslinkers in the preparation of PIL networks [ 41 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 ]. Although these crosslinked PILs can be considered as PIL conetworks with the PEG oligomer crosslinkers, the conetwork aspects have not been investigated so far, most likely because of the relatively low PEG contents in these materials.…”

Stable poly (ionic liquids) with unique cross‐linked mesoporous‐macroporous structure as efficient catalyst for alkylation of o‐xylene and styrene

“…Poly (ionic liquids) (PILs), a novel chemical material, have received a lot of attention from scientists due to their special characteristics, such as negligible vapor pressure, fine physical and chemical stability, low volatility, non‐flammability, high thermal stability, high ionic conductivity and wide electrochemical potential window . Therefore, PILs have been widely used in the field of chemical adsorption, membrane separation, membrane modification, gel, surfactant, and organic synthesis reactions, such as polymerization reaction, epoxy reaction and oxidation reaction …”