“…As a broad definition, a city becomes smart when "investments in human and social capital and traditional (transport) and modern (ICT) communication infrastructure fuel sustainable economic growth and a high quality of life, with a wise management of natural resources, through participatory governance" (Caragliu, Del Bo, & Nijkamp, 2011, p. 70). By new innovative technologies in combination with human capital, cities are developing projects and initiatives (Michelucci, De Marco, & Tanda, 2016) with the goal of reducing their environmental footprint, improving their global competitiveness and their citizens' quality of life, thereby becoming a central force of regional development, and driving innovation and local cooperation (Battaglia & Tremblay, 2011) (Tanda & De Marco, 2018a). However, while city administrators are developing and implementing top-down strategic SC plans (Breuer, Walravens, & Ballon, 2014;Walravens, 2015), the main driver of SC innovation comes from the city's interconnected bottom-up ecosystem of people, communities, businesses and industry, collaborating and working together to foster creativity and social innovation (Cosgrave, Tryfonas, & Crick, 2014;De la Peña, 2013;Edwards-Schachter et al, 2012;Townsend, 2013).…”