Double Grafting in Peanut-Shaped Ming Cultured Pearls

Detection of Color Treatment and Optical Brightening in Chinese Freshwater "Edison" Pearls

“…urrently, China is the world's largest producer of cultured pearls, and the majority are cultured in freshwater environments such as rivers, lakes, and ponds (Cartier and Ali, 2013;Zhu et al, 2019). Over the last several decades, advances in freshwater culturing techniques have also significantly improved the quality of Chinese freshwater cultured pearls on the market, such as Ming pearls and "Edison" pearls, to the point where these round bead cultured products can rival saltwater cultured pearls such as akoya, South Sea, and Tahitian pearls (Scarratt et al, 2000;Akamatsu et al, 2001;Fiske and Shepherd, 2007;Hänni, 2011;Karampelas, 2012;Zhou and Zhou, 2015;Otter et al, 2017;Li et al, 2018;Bui et al, 2019). The term "Edison pearl" specifically refers to the bead cultured pearls produced by Grace Pearls of China, while "Ming pearl" is a more generic term that describes high-quality bead cultured freshwater pearls produced by other producers.…”