Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on the effect of piracetam on breath-holding spells

Sawires, Happy; Botrous, Osama

doi:10.1007/s00431-012-1680-1

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Furthermore, it has been found that cyanotic BHS are more common than pallid BHS. Cyanotic BHS has been reported in 54%-62% of cases, pallid BHS has been reported in 19%-22% of cases, and mixed or unclassifiable BHS has been reported in 19%-24% of cases (18,20).In the present study, 90% of children had cyanotic spells, which was a higher proportion than previously reported.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Serum Magnesium and Calcium Levels in Children With Breath-holding Spells

Özkale¹,

Erol²,

Özkale³

2018

Erciyes Med J

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Objective: Although breath-holding spells (BHS) are the most common form of non epileptic paroxysmal events in infancy, the pathophysiology of these events remain unknown. Several studies have indicated that multiple factors can be involved in the pathogenesis of BHS. The aim of this study was to assess the associations between BHS and serum magnesium and calcium levels. Materials and Methods:This prospective, case-control study enrolled 79 consecutive children with BHS and 114 healthy children, who were included as controls, without any illness between October 2012 and January 2014. Mean hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume, serum iron, serum iron binding protein, magnesium(Mg), calcium(Ca), phosphorus (P), and alkaline phosphatase levels and Ca/Mg ratiowere compared between the two groups.Results: Overall, the Hb, Ca, and P levels were in the normal range in both groups; however, the mean Hb, Ca, and P levels were significantly lower in the BHS group than in the control group. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the mean serum Mg level or Ca/Mg ratio between the groups.Conclusion: Therefore, low Hb, Ca, and P levels may decrease the threshold of BHS and thus constitute a risk factor for the development of BHS.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Serum Magnesium and Calcium Levels in Children With Breath-holding Spells

Özkale¹,

Erol²,

Özkale³

2018

Erciyes Med J

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“…There have been cases of prolonged asystole with breath holding spells warranting the placement of a permanent cardiac pacemaker [27, 28]. Piracetam has been shown to be safe and effective in treating BHS [29]. In one study, resolution of spells after 2-month therapy with piracetam, was seen in 92% children, compared to 30% resolution in the placebo group [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse Presentation of Breath Holding Spells: Two Case Reports with Literature Review

Rathore

Larsen

Fernández

et al. 2013

Case Reports in Neurological Medicine

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Breath holding spells are a common and dramatic form of syncope and anoxic seizure in infancy. They are usually triggered by an emotional stimuli or minor trauma. Based on the color change, they are classified into 3 types, cyanotic, pallid, and mixed. Pallid breath holding spells result from exaggerated, vagally-mediated cardiac inhibition, whereas the more common, cyanotic breathholding spells are of more complex pathogenesis which is not completely understood. A detailed and accurate history is the mainstay of diagnosis. An EKG should be strongly considered to rule out long QT syndrome. Spontaneous resolution of breath-holding spells is usually seen, without any adverse developmental and intellectual sequelae. Rare cases of status epilepticus, prolonged asystole, and sudden death have been reported. Reassurance and education is the mainstay of therapy. Occasionally, pharmacologic intervention with iron, piracetam; atropine may be of benefit. Here we present 2 cases, one of each, pallid and cyanotic breath holding spells.

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“…4,5 However, some studies failed to show the relationship between iron-deficiency anemia and BHS. 3,6,7 Piracetam has been reported to be safe and effective in treating BHS in two case-control studies 8,9 glycopyrrolate, 10 theophylline, 11 and fluoxetine 12 have been considered as alternative agents to treat BHS in individual cases, but efficacy and safety of these treatments still remain to be confirmed by further studies. In some refractory cases, patients were treated with implantation of cardiac pacemaker.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of a Brief Psychoeducational Intervention for Mothers of Children with Breath-Holding Spells: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

Bolat¹,

Eliaçık²,

Sargın³

et al. 2016

Neuropediatrics

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Objective Mothers of individuals with breath-holding spells (BHS) suffer more often from anxiety and experience more stressors in their everyday life. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of psychoeducational intervention in reducing BHS and coping with these spells. Participants and Methods Mothers who have children with BHS were randomly assigned to one of the two groups: an intervention group receiving psychoeducational therapy in addition to the routine follow-up (n = 31) and a control group who did not receive psychoeducation in their routine follow-up (n = 28). The data collected at the beginning of the study and at the end of 3rd and 6th months about the frequency of the spells per month, maternal anxiety, and depression levels and mothers' perceived self-knowledge about coping BHS of both groups were compared. Results Mothers in psychoeducation group, compared with controls, improved significantly on state anxiety, depression, perceived anticipation anxiety level for BHS of their children and self-knowledge about coping with the spells. Conclusion The intervention program had a positive effect on anxiety-depression levels of the mothers and the frequency of BHS among the children. The possible link between emotional and autonomic dysregulation in children with BHS and maternal mental health were discussed.

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Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on the effect of piracetam on breath-holding spells

Cited by 28 publications

References 9 publications

Serum Magnesium and Calcium Levels in Children With Breath-holding Spells

Serum Magnesium and Calcium Levels in Children With Breath-holding Spells

Diverse Presentation of Breath Holding Spells: Two Case Reports with Literature Review

Efficacy of a Brief Psychoeducational Intervention for Mothers of Children with Breath-Holding Spells: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

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