Dose-dependent increases in p70S6K phosphorylation and intramuscular branched-chain amino acids in older men following resistance exercise and protein intake

Abstract

Resistance exercise and whey protein supplementation are effective strategies to activate muscle cell anabolic signaling and ultimately promote increases in muscle mass and strength. In the current study, 46 healthy older men aged 60–75 (69.0 ± 0.55 years, 85.9 ± 1.8 kg, 176.8 ± 1.0 cm) performed a single bout of unaccustomed lower body resistance exercise immediately followed by ingestion of a noncaloric placebo beverage or supplement containing 10, 20, 30, or 40 g of whey protein concentrate (WPC). Intramuscular amino acid levels in muscle biopsy samples were measured by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC‐MS) at baseline (before exercise and WPC supplementation) plus at 2 h and 4 h post exercise. Additionally, the extent of p70S6K phosphorylation at Thr389 in muscle biopsy homogenates was assessed by western blot. Resistance exercise alone reduced intramuscular branch chain amino acid (BCAA; leucine, isoleucine, and valine) content. Supplementation with increasing doses of whey protein prevented this fall in muscle BCAAs during postexercise recovery and larger doses (30 g and 40 g) significantly augmented postexercise muscle BCAA content above that observed following placebo ingestion. Additionally, the fold change in the phosphorylation of p70S6K (Thr389) at 2 h post exercise was correlated with the dose of whey protein consumed (r = 0.51, P < 001) and was found to be significantly correlated with intramuscular leucine content (r = 0.32, P = 0.026). Intramuscular BCAAs, and leucine in particular, appear to be important regulators of anabolic signaling in aged human muscle during postexercise recovery via reversal of exercise‐induced declines in intramuscular BCAAs.

Effects of skeletal muscle energy availability on protein turnover responses to exercise

“…et al., 2013;D'Souza et al, 2014;Kakigi et al, 2014) phosphorylation when greater amounts (i.e. 20-40 g) of protein are ingested.…”

Efectos de los suplementos de proteína y aminoácidos de cadena ramificada en entrenamiento de fuerza: revisión bibliográfica

“…Son muchas las investigaciones que han estudiado los posibles efectos asociados a los suplementos de proteína y/o BCAAs en torno a la ganancia de masa muscular [16][17][18][19] , fuerza 20,21 , composición corporal de los sujetos [20][21][22] , atenuación de la fatiga 23,24 , reducción del dolor y daño muscular [25][26][27] y el efecto de la respuesta anabólica mediante la activación de una serie de enzimas que permiten el aumento de la síntesis de proteí-nas [28][29][30][31][32] .…”

Regulation of muscle protein metabolism by nutrition and exercise

“…An increased intramyocellular leucine concentration stimulates muscle protein synthesis in a concentrationdependent manner 33) . This increase in muscle protein synthesis after protein ingestion also depends on the amount of protein consumed.…”